Ato artístico e ato psicoterápico como experiment-ação: diálogos entre a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, a arte de Lygia Clark e a Gestalt-Terapia

Abstract

This dissertation discusses the gestalt-therapy psychological work. The focus is its experimental character, seeking to amplify its meanings and its epistemological basis. The gestalt experiments were born in the original context of this theory. Experience was established as a means to amplify conscience, responding to a paradigmatic shift that intended to offer a comprehension of human living experience from organismic and holistic view. Starting from a dialogue between Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology and Lygia Clark’s art work, this dissertation intends to amplify the phenomenological basis of experimentation. The philosopher oriented his work to the theme of relation between man and world, searching for an understanding that began from the world of experience, from an a priori in the subject-object correlation. He located body as conscience and developed a line of thought that resulted in an ontology of Being. This work develops an outline of Merleau-Ponty’s proposals and puts them in dialogue with gestalt notions of field organism-environment, creative adjustment and aggression. Lygia Clark took from modern art’s inclination of uniting art and life and developed a peculiar work based on transformation of space in space-time, inserting the audience into the context of the piece and proposing experimentation as a means to access wholeness. Her work enwrapped people in an experiencing process, putting itself as a field of experience. This work discusses the course of her art and points to a experiment-action as inter corporal action that produces meaning, allowing to re-signify the existence. It articulates notions of field, embodiedness, form and meaning as constructive dimensions of experiment-action. It suggests calling therapeutic intervention as proposition, which aims at the experiment-action and has as its goal the creative des-adjustment. It places a disparity in the situation that instigates the client’s body implication with the direct experience in the psychotherapy context. When the client feels support in the circumstance, experience tends to develop into an aggressive and creative action which produces meanings that will allow him/her to surpass the established notions and transgress. This work concludes considering psychotherapy a field of aesthetic experience that, as such, does not dismiss embodiedness, is “descentering”, producer of meaning and transgressor.