Abstract
South Korea is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The characteristics of offshore wind resources vary from region to region due to the influence of the distribution of the coastline and differences in roughness length and atmospheric stability between the coast and the sea. In particular, turbulent gusts and low-level wind shear occurring near the hub height of the wind turbine within the atmospheric boundary layer have a significant effect on the load of wind turbines. These severe weather phenomena are closely related to atmospheric stability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine differences in wind resource characteristics in the South Korean offshore and coast in relation to variations in atmospheric stability using observation data from the HeMOSU-1 meteorological tower in the West Sea and the Boseong meteorological observation tower on the southern coast. On the southern coast, changes in sea and land breezes are observed throughout diurnal and nocturnal periods, with an atmospheric stability distribution similar to that of land, which is unstable during the day and becomes more stable at night. On the other hand, the stable ratio continues to dominate in the west offshore. In the case of coastal areas, low-level wind shear occasionally occurs near the general wind turbine hub height approximately over 100 m due to the influence of winds from the sea. This study shows that when constructing an offshore wind farm, it is necessary to first analyze the characteristics of local coastal and offshore wind resources for more efficient and safe wind farm construction and operation.
Highlights
Interest in eco-friendly renewable energy sources based on the Korean Green New Deal, 2050 carbon zero, and renewable energy 3020 policies is continuously increasing [1]
Prior to the implementation of the onshore/offshore wind farm project, it is decided whether to proceed with the project by analyzing the wind resources and calculating the expected annual energy production (AEP) based on the actual wind observation data [3]
HErald of Meteorological and Oceanographic Special Unit-1 (HeMOSU-1) is the first offshore meteorological mast to support the development of large-scale offshore wind farms in South Korea
Summary
Interest in eco-friendly renewable energy sources based on the Korean Green New Deal, 2050 carbon zero, and renewable energy 3020 policies is continuously increasing [1]. It is difficult to characterize and predict wind resources for coastal areas by the West and South Seas because of the shallow water depth and complex distribution of coastlines with many islands [6,7,8,9] This remains a major issue as most offshore wind energy projects in South Korea are concentrated in the West and South Seas. Site conditions are being established to simultaneousIlytemanalyze the characteristics of the topogDraepschryipatinodn meteorological factors, as well as oceNaanmaend meteorologicBalosfaeocntogrGs.loTbhael SBtoasnedoanrdgMmeetteeoororololgoigcaiclaOl bmsearsvtaitsiotnhSeitoenly and the firsLtoicnatiSoonuth Korea to produce data on 3th4.e76v◦eNrt,i1c2a7l.2d1i◦stEribution of high-rise turbulenceHcehiagrhatc[tmer]istics It has large advantages in30t7h.1a9t it can be used for the prediction and diagnosis of local climate change phenomena based on an increased understandLinevgeol f[mth]e atmospheric bo10u,n2d0,a4r0y, l6a0y, e8r0,in10c0o, a14st0a, l1a80r,e2a2s0[,3256]0.,I3n00th(i1s1slteuvdelys), data on winOdbdseirrveacttiioonn,fawctionrds flux of 10 m, 60 m, 140 m, speed, fricWtiionnd vspeeloedci,twyi(nud*d),iraeicrtitoenm, apirerteamtupreer,aatunrde,sreandisaitbiolen,heat and 300 mreplaetriv1e0hmuminidfirtoy,mair1pJarensusuarrey, C20O126·Hto2O31coDneccenemtrabtieorn2016. Data on wind direction, wind speed, friction velocity (u*), air temperature, and sensible heat flux of 10 m, 60 m, 140 m, and 300 m per 10 min from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 were used for the analysis
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