Abstract
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized Pt nanoparticles (PVP-PtNPs) were produced in a continuous-flow reaction-discharge system by application of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) operated between the surface of a flowing liquid anode (FLA) and a pin-type tungsten cathode. Synthesized PVP-PtNPs exhibited absorption across the entire UV/Vis region. The morphology and elemental composition of PVP-PtNPs were determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray scattering (EDX), respectively. As assessed by TEM, PVP-PtNPs were approximately spherical in shape, with an average size of 2.9 ± 0.6 nm. EDX proved the presence of Pt, C, and O. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) confirmed PtNPs functionalization with PVP. As determined by DLS, the average size of PtNPs stabilized by PVP was 111.4 ± 22.6 nm. A fluid containing resultant PVP-PtNPs was used as a heat conductive layer for a spiral radiator managing heat generated by a simulated internal combustion chamber. As compared to water, the use of PVP-PtNPs enhanced efficiency of the system, increasing the rate of heat transfer by 80% and 30% during heating and cooling, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionDue to the unique properties of atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs), for example, their highly non-equilibrium state, this type of plasma has been used in many fields of science
Plasma is one of the four states of matter [1]
It was established that the action of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD), completely operated in surrounding air only, onto the continuously flowing solution of PtCl62− ions with admixed PVP, led to on-line formation of monodisperse and nearly spherical PVP-capped platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in the liquid phase, with the average diameter of 2.9 ± 0.6 nm
Summary
Due to the unique properties of atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs), for example, their highly non-equilibrium state, this type of plasma has been used in many fields of science These applications include, for example, treatment of skin diseases or tissue engineering in biomedicine [2,3,4], detection of elements in analytical chemistry [5], activation of seeds to stimulate plant growth in agriculture [6], decomposition of diluted organic compounds in air in environmental protection [7], and fabrication of nanomaterials in nanotechnology and material engineering [1,8,9]. Application of APP-mediated methods for production of PtNPs has numerous advantages These methods rely on generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), solvated electrons, as well as UV radiation and heat. The PtNPs precursor was partially reduced by alcoholic reduction to Pt atoms, following which the reduction process was completed with the aid of APP [20]
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