Abstract
Abstract. In this paper, we present the first multiyear time series of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) ground-based measurements in the Paris region (Créteil, 48.79∘ N, 2.44∘ E, France) retrieved with the midresolution “Observations of the Atmosphere by Solar absorption Infrared Spectroscopy” (OASIS) ground-based Fourier transform infrared solar observatory. Located in an urban region, OASIS has previously been used for monitoring air quality (tropospheric ozone and carbon monoxide) thanks to its specific column sensitivity across the whole troposphere down to the atmospheric boundary layer. A total of 4920 measurements of atmospheric total columns of ammonia have been obtained from 2009 to 2017, with uncertainties ranging from 20 % to 35 %, and have been compared with NH3 concentrations derived from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). OASIS ground-based measurements show significant interannual and seasonal variabilities of atmospheric ammonia. NH3 total columns over the Paris megacity (12 million people) vary seasonally by 2 orders of magnitude from approximately 0.1×1016 molec. cm−2 in winter to 10×1016 molec. cm−2 for spring peaks, probably due to springtime spreading of fertilizers on surrounding croplands.
Highlights
Ammonia (NH3) is a reactive and volatile chemical species present in the atmosphere as a trace gas
Current or very recent space-based NH3 data are available from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer sounder (IASI, on board the Metop satellites; Clerbaux et al, 2009; Clarisse et al, 2009), Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES, embedded on the Aura satellite; Shephard et al, 2015; TES’s mission ended in January 2018 after nearly a 14-year career of discovery), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS, embedded in the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite; Shephard and Cady-Pereira, 2015; Dammers et al, 2017), Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO–FTS) on the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT; Someya et al, 2020), and Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS; Warner et al, 2016; here, a grating spectroscopy instrument installed on the Aqua satellite)
We presented the first multiyear time series (2009–2017) of atmospheric NH3 total column measurements from ground-based infrared remote sensing over the Paris megacity
Summary
Ammonia (NH3) is a reactive and volatile chemical species present in the atmosphere as a trace gas. Current or very recent space-based NH3 data are available from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer sounder (IASI, on board the Metop satellites; Clerbaux et al, 2009; Clarisse et al, 2009), Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES, embedded on the Aura satellite; Shephard et al, 2015; TES’s mission ended in January 2018 after nearly a 14-year career of discovery), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS, embedded in the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite; Shephard and Cady-Pereira, 2015; Dammers et al, 2017), Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation–Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO–FTS) on the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT; Someya et al, 2020), and Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS; Warner et al, 2016; here, a grating spectroscopy instrument installed on the Aqua satellite) These measurements allow for the retrieval of total columns of NH3 as vertically integrated concentrations between the Earth’s surface and the top of the atmosphere.
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