Abstract

Los opioides son los analgésicos más potentes y efectivos de que disponemos en la actualidad. Su cara oscura la encarna el creciente aumento de pacientes adictos a su consumo en todo el mundo, principalmente en Estados Unidos. Desde el descubrimiento de los primeros opioides sintéticos, la industria farmacéutica se halla en busca de un analgésico que no genere tolerancia ni dependencia, ni efectos adversos respiratorios. La mayoría de los opiáceos son agonistas del receptor mu, cuya activación aumenta la disponibilidad sináptica de dopamina, neurotransmisor vehicular en circuitos de recompensa. Sin embargo, un cuarto receptor opioide ha sido descrito recientemente: el receptor de nociceptina/orfanina. Su activación inhibe la liberación de dopamina, evitando el refuerzo positivo que ocurre tras el consumo del fármaco. AT-121 es un agonista bifuncional MOP/NOP que ha sido probado en primates no humanos con resultados prometedores en cuanto a potencia analgésica, menores efectos secundarios sistémicos y menor tasa de adicción y abuso. Tales características hacen de esta molécula un arma esperanzadora en el tratamiento del dolor crónico o de la propia adicción a fármacos opioides. En los últimos años se han explorado distintos agonistas bifuncionales en roedores y primates no humanos con interesantes resultados; quedamos pues a la espera de futuras investigaciones en humanos. ABSTRACT Is AT121 the perfect opioid? Opioids are the most powerful and effective analgesics available today. Their dark side is reflected in the growing number of patients addicted to their use around the world, mainly in the United States. Since the discovery of the first synthetic opioids, the pharmaceutical industry has been searching for an analgesic that does not generate tolerance or dependence, nor adverse respiratory effects. Most opioids are mu receptor agonists, whose activation increases the synaptic availability of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is a carrier in reward circuits. However, a fourth opioid receptor has recently been described: the nociceptin/orphanine receptor. Its activation inhibits the release of dopamine, preventing the positive reinforcement that occurs after drug consumption. AT-121 is a bifunctional MOP/NOP agonist that has been tested in non-human primates with promising results in terms of analgesic potency, fewer systemic side effects, and lower rate of addiction and abuse. Such characteristics make this molecule a hopeful weapon in the treatment of chronic pain or addiction to opioid drugs. In recent years, different bifunctional agonists have been explored in rodents and non-human primates with interesting results; we are therefore awaiting future research in humans.

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.