Asymptotically one-dimensional dynamics of high-peak-power ultrashort laser pulses

Abstract

Laser fields with peak powers P well above the critical power of self-focusing Pcr are intrinsically unstable with respect to modulation instabilities, breaking up into multiple filaments as a part of a quintessentially three-dimensional nonlinear beam dynamics. Here, however, we show that—even for P Pcr—the spatiotemporal field evolution can stay effectively one-dimensional. In this regime, observed as an asymptotic case of large diffraction lengths, the laser field can undergo a rich diversity of pulse transformation scenarios, including, most notably, pulse self-compression to subcycle field waveforms with very high peak powers, while remaining decoupled, within a limited propagation length, from beam dynamics.