Abstract

This chapter explores the basic concepts associated with ultrafast and ultrashort pulses and the intense-field nonlinear optics. Ultrashort pulses are important as they can be used to probe the properties of matter on extremely short time scales. Within the context of nonlinear optics, ultrashort laser pulses are of great interest. This chapter treats aspects of the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses through optical systems. Some physical processes included in the analysis are self-steepening leading to optical shockwave formation, the influence of higher order dispersion, and space–time coupling effects. A form of the pulse propagation equation relevant to the propagation of an ultrashort laser pulse through a nonlinear, dispersive nonlinear optical medium was also derived. The chapter discusses the conceptual framework that can be used to describe intense-field nonlinear optics. A brief historical summary of progress in the field of intense-field nonlinear optics and high-harmonic generation is presented in this chapter. Equations related to the motion of a free electron in a laser field are also discussed in the chapter.

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