Abstract
This paper proposes an asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy for current-fed dual-active bridge (CFDAB) converters applied to energy storage systems (ESS). The ESS application considers low-voltage and high-capacity batteries, for low-power applications, such as data centers, residential photovoltaic systems (PV), and uninterruptable power supplies (UPS). The proposed modulation permits the use of an isolation transformer with negligible leakage inductance and, therefore, avoids the use of auxiliary circuits such as snubbers, active-clamp, or resonant cells. Hence, the converter implementation is simplified. The modulation also benefits the design of the control system because the converter can be modeled and controlled using simple strategies. A straightforward, large-signal model for the battery charge mode, which is valid over all the operation range of the converter, is obtained. Also, the converter operates with a fixed dc bus voltage on both charge and discharge modes. These characteristics represent a significant advantage when the CFDAB with PWM modulation is compared with phase-shifted or frequency modulations, commonly applied in these converters.
Highlights
Renewable generation sources, such as photovoltaic (PV), have been widely used in microgrids and nanogrids
An alternative to providing a generation with constant and controllable output power is the incorporation of energy storage systems (ESS) associated with the photovoltaic systems (PV) generation, in different application levels
ACS712 from Allegro MicroSystems, while the voltages were measured by hall-effect sensors model ACS712 from Allegro MicroSystems, while the voltages were measured by hall-effect model LV-25P from LEM
Summary
Renewable generation sources, such as photovoltaic (PV), have been widely used in microgrids and nanogrids Such systems have an intermittent generation and, they are not able to provide constant or dispatchable power generation [1,2,3]. The ability to provide controllable output power is important to increase the power system stability and to allow better operation planning [1,2,3,4]. This task can be shared at different generation levels, including microgrids, high-power plants, and low-power systems, as nanogrids and residential and commercial applications [1]. Due to the high costs related to the construction of high-voltage devices, the insertion of batteries with low voltage and high capacity is of great interest, mainly in small-size systems [2,5,6,7,8]
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