Astaxanthin and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Research

Abstract

Astaxanthin, a red carotenoid pigment abundantly present in seafood and microalgae, has garnered increasing attention for its potential therapeutic implications in cancer. This article delves into the scientific intricacies surrounding astaxanthin and its direct effects on cancer cells. Astaxanthin exhibits remarkable anti-cancer properties, including the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of metastatic processes. At the molecular level, astaxanthin showcases anti-proliferative effects through modulation of cell cycle regulators, disrupting the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Additionally, its ability to induce apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, presents a promising avenue for curtailing aberrant cell survival. Furthermore, astaxanthin exhibits a notable impact on metastasis, inhibiting the migration and invasion of cancer cells through interference with key signalling pathways involved in these processes. This article also outlines the natural sources of astaxanthin, predominantly derived from microalgae and seafood, emphasizing its bioavailability and potential for integration into cancer therapeutic strategies. The scientific insights presented here aim to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding astaxanthin and its application as a natural compound with significant anti-cancer potential. As research progresses, astaxanthin holds promise as a candidate for novel therapeutic interventions in the ongoing battle against cancer.