Associations of polymorphisms of the FTO, ADRB3, LEPR genes with obesity and the impact on Them of a complex of recreational activities among residents of the North Caucasus

Abstract

Annotation Objective To study the effect of a comprehensive health program on the effectiveness of reducing overweight depending on the carriage of allelic variants and FTO (rs9939609), ADRB3 (rs4994) and LepR (rs1137101) genotypes among residents of the North Caucasus. Materials and methods Gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the SNP-method with allele-specific primers on the test systems of ‘Litex’ Research and Production Company (RPC). The frequencies rs9939609, rs4994 and rs1137101 were studied in individuals with overweight, I-III degrees of obesity (n = 120) compared with the control group (n = 42). Experimental data were processed in the program SPSS Statistics 22.0. A comprehensive wellness program (CWP), along with health improving measures, limits caloric intake to 800–1200 kcal per day and excludes animal fats and proteins. The body mass index (BMI) of the examined individuals was calculated by the Ketle method as the ratio of body weight (kg) to height (m2). In accordance with WHO criteria (1997), the severity of overweight varies in the ranges of values: normal weight – 18–24.9 kg/m2; overweight – 25–29.9 kg/m2; I degree obesity – 30–34.9 kg/m2; II degree obesity – 35–39.9 kg/m2; III degree obesity – 40 and more kg/m2. Results A significant increase in rs9939609 (p = 0.003), rs4994 (p = 0.0001) was found in the group of patients when compared with the control. The 64Arg allele (р = 5.0E-6) and the Arg64Arg genotype (p = 0.0001) of the ADRB3 gene have the greatest prognostic significance for the diagnosis of obesity, increasing the risk by 10 and 17 times, respectively. Significant differences in the distribution of FTO gene polymorphism were established to a lesser extent and only by the T23525T genotype (χ2 = 7.20; р = 0.03). However, the correlation analysis revealed a number of strong positive connections for the T23525T FTO genotype between the ratio of visceral fat (r = +0.541; p = 0.01), fat (r = +0.548; p = 0.01) and muscle mass (r = +0.587; p = 0.01). It should be noted that with SNP-typing of three polymorphic variants of the FTO, ADRB3 and LepR genes, the transversion phenomenon was established by rs9939609 in 26 out of 120 participants (21.6%). Conclusion According to the obtained data, we confirmed the promising use of rs9939609, rs4994 as genetic markers of obesity. The discovered phenomenon of transversion of polymorphisms in the FTO gene under the influence of the complex health program does not exclude a multi-level regulation of reparation processes and epigenetic activation of genes, which requires further study.