Abstract
Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Parental depression and anxiety symptoms, parental bonding, and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms were assessed in 46 parent-child dyads using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Chen Internet Addiction Scale, respectively. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with parental depression and anxiety. Results Low care/affection on the PBI was significantly associated with parental depression, and overprotection on the PBI and adolescents’ Internet addiction were significantly associated with parental anxiety. Discussion Parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction are related to depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with ADHD.
Highlights
A high proportion of parents of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from depression[1] and anxiety[2]
Low care/affection on the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was significantly associated with parental depression, and overprotection on the PBI and adolescents’ Internet addiction were significantly associated with parental anxiety
We examined the associations of parenting styles on three dimensions of the PBI, adolescents’ severity of Internet addiction, parent’ and adolescent’s demographic characteristics and adolescents’ attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom with parental depression and anxiety using forward stepwise multiple regression analysis
Summary
A high proportion of parents of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from depression[1] and anxiety[2]. Parental depression may compromise parental self-efficacy[3] and the quality of parent-child interactions[4,5]. Parental anxiety is negatively associated with parental warmth and positive involvement in the lives of children with ADHD6. Parent-child conflicts may be exacerbated during the adolescence of children with ADHD7. Parental depression and anxiety may compromise parents’ ability and motivation to provide their children the assistance in managing ADHD-related difficulties. Depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with ADHD warrant clinical attention. Identification of the modifiable factors related to parental depression and anxiety may provide a basis from which to develop prevention and intervention strategies
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