Abstract
BackgroundGalectin-3 protein encoded by lectin galactoside-binding soluble-3 (LGALS-3) gene is an important genetic factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its cardiovascular obstacles in various populations. We aimed to elicit the pro-inflammatory effect of galectin-3 as determined by interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels and to explore the relationship between galectin-3 (LGALS-3 rs4652) gene variant and its expression levels with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk among T2DM Egyptian patients.Methods112 lean subjects were compared to 100 T2DM without CAD and 84 T2DM with CAD. A tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used to test LGALS-3 (rs4652), and galectin3 expression was tested with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum IL-6 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of LGALS-3 (rs4652) AC genotype and galectin-3 gene expression levels in T2DM with CAD were significantly higher than the additional 2 groups and were correlated positively to IL-6 circulating levels. Also, the C allele carriers (AC+CC) had significantly higher relative Galectin-3 expression levels compared to the A allele carriers (AA).ConclusionsWe concluded that galectin-3 expression levels and LGALS-3 (rs4652) AC genotype were coronary artery disease risk factors in people with type two diabetes among an Egyptian sample.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem and has reached unprecedented rates
The results have shown that the frequency of allele carriers (AA) genotype of LGALS-3 rs4652 gene variant was most common among the control group than type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without coronary artery disease (CAD) and T2DM with CAD (66.4% > 26.7% > 6.9%), respectively, and the opposite was found in Gal-3 AC and CC genotyping which were higher among T2DM with CAD than T2DM without CAD than the control group (39.3% and 62.5% > 36.4% and 35.0% > 24.3% and 2.5%) respectively
We found a significant relationship between the SNP rs4652 variant in the LGALS-3 gene of Galectin3 and CAD risk in T2DM Egyptian patients
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem and has reached unprecedented rates. Half a billion people worldwide live with diabetes in 2019 (9.3 per cent of adults aged 20–79 years). DM is a rapidly growing health issue in Egypt; the number of diabetics in 2019 was 9.8 million and is expected to be 11.9 million by 2030 and 16.9 million by 2045 [1]. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Egypt is around 15.6 per cent of all adults aged 20 to 79, with 86,478 DM-related deaths per year [2]. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a more prevalent macro-vascular complication of atherosclerotic processes in T2DM, with increasing the duration of DM [4]
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