Abstract
BackgroundContextual factors, such as exposure to stressors, may be antecedents to IPV perpetration. These contextual factors may be amenable to modification through intervention and prevention. However, few studies have examined specific contextual factors. To begin to address this gap, we examined the associations between financial stressors and three types of physical IPV perpetration.MethodsThis analysis used data from Wave IV of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We used logistic regression to examine the associations of financial stressors and each type of IPV (minor, severe, causing injury), and multinomial logit regression to examine the associations of financial stressors and patterns of co-occurring types of IPV perpetration (only minor; only severe; minor and severe; minor, severe, and causing injury; compared with no perpetration).ResultsFewer men perpetrated threats/minor physical IPV (6.7 %) or severe physical IPV (3.4 %) compared with women (11.4 % and 8.8 %, respectively). However, among physical IPV perpetrators, a higher percentage of men (32.0 %) than women (21.0 %) reported their partner was injured as a result of the IPV. In logistic regression models of each type of IPV perpetration, both the number of stressors experienced and several types of financial stressors were associated with perpetrating each type of IPV. Utilities nonpayment, housing nonpayment, food insecurity, and no phone service were associated with increased odds of perpetrating each form of IPV in adjusted analysis. Eviction was associated with perpetrating severe physical IPV but not threats/minor IPV or IPV causing injury. In multinomial logit regression comparing patterns of IPV perpetration to perpetrating no physical IPV, the relationships of financial stressors were less consistent. Food insecurity was associated with perpetrating only minor physical IPV. Comparatively, overall number of financial stressors and four types of financial stressors (utilities nonpayment, housing nonpayment, food insecurity, and disconnected phone service) were associated with perpetrating all three forms of physical IPV.ConclusionsCombined with prior research, our results suggested interventions to improve financial well-being may be a novel way to reduce physical IPV perpetration.
Highlights
Contextual factors, such as exposure to stressors, may be antecedents to Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration
Consistent with the prior literature on the inequalities in wage and wealth acquisition by gender (Autor et al 2008; Ruel and Hauser 2013) and IPV perpetration by gender (Langhinrichsen-Rohling et al 2012b), a higher proportion of women reported experiencing financial stressors and perpetrating physical IPV. Both the number of financial stressors and the individual financial stressors were associated with increased odds of making threats/minor physical IPV, severe physical IPV, and IPV resulting in injury
The overall number of financial stressors was a significant predictor of threats/minor physical IPV perpetration when modeled as anyone who had perpetrated this form of IPV compared with all other participants, including perpetrators of other types of IPV
Summary
Contextual factors, such as exposure to stressors, may be antecedents to IPV perpetration. These contextual factors may be amenable to modification through intervention and prevention. Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as psychological, physical, or sexual violence within the context of a current or former romantic relationship, is a significant threat to the health and well-being of the United States population (Coker et al 2002). Some researchers suggest that the limited effectiveness of prevention and intervention efforts is the result of the oversimplification of antecedents to perpetration, especially the contextual factors at the time of perpetration (Bell and Naugle 2008)
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