Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Yixia Zhang,Chaowei Fu,Lina Xu,Kelin Xu,Yanhuan Wang,Jie Zhou,Yun Chen,Tao Liu,Na Wang

doi:10.3390/ijerph182312378

Abstract

Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable–grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable–grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.

Highlights

Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health issue, especially in low- and middleincome countries [1], and the prevalence has been increasing in recent decades in China [2].The disease burden of HTN is generally complicated by possibly developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease, which affect both the quality and expectancy of life [3,4]
Grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.669, 0.894)
Based on a cohort study of adults from Southwest China, we aimed to evaluate the associations with various dietary patterns and the risk of developing hypertension using factor analysis and to provide evidence for dietary recommendations in HTN prevention

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health issue, especially in low- and middleincome countries [1], and the prevalence has been increasing in recent decades in China [2].The disease burden of HTN is generally complicated by possibly developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease, which affect both the quality and expectancy of life [3,4]. Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health issue, especially in low- and middleincome countries [1], and the prevalence has been increasing in recent decades in China [2]. An imbalanced diet was highlighted as a major contributor to hypertension development [5]. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH, characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy foods, and reduced saturated and total fat) was shown to be an effective dietary approach for substantially reducing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular disease [6], and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (characterized by a high intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains) can decrease major clinical endpoints, including blood pressure [7].

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