Associations of Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Community Population Cohort From Southwest China.

Yanhuan Wang,Lina Xu,Chaowei Fu,Kelin Xu,Ling Zhu,Fouxi Zhao,Na Wang,Tao Liu

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.773172

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising rapidly worldwide, but there are scant empirical data on the association between diet and diabetes in Southwest China.MethodsIn this prospective community-population cohort study from Guizhou Province, China since 2010, 7,023 eligible adults were included. Dietary information was obtained by face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident T2D risk by cox proportional hazard model.ResultsUntil 2020, a total of 749 new T2D cases were identified during the average follow-up of 7.05 years and the incidence was 14.75/1,000 person-years. Two main dietary patterns from the food frequency questionnaire were identified by factor analysis, i.e., vegetable-grain pattern and junk food pattern. In the multivariate analysis, 28 and 20% lower risks of T2D were observed at the low intake of junk food pattern (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.87) and the high intake of vegetable-grain pattern (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.95) after adjustment for potential confounding factors, compared with the medium intake of such patterns, respectively. Positive linear relationships were found between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at follow-up and its change with junk food pattern, while there were inverse linear associations with vegetable-grain pattern.ConclusionHigher adherence to vegetable-grain patterns and lower adherence to junk food patterns significantly lowered T2D incidence among the population in Southwest China. Moving toward a healthier dietary model deserves more attention to develop interventions for the prevention of T2D.

Highlights

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes continue to rise unprecedentedly, and this epidemic has accelerated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1]
Several studies have suggested that dietary patterns derived from factor analysis were valued in the nutritional epidemiology of diabetes but different patterns with positive or negative health effects such as the anti-inflammatory dietary pattern were applied [4, 7,8,9]
Such disparities in dietary patterns may be partly due to the diversity in available food, food cooking, and eating habits over study populations in the context of various times, race, and culture, which meant that it should benefit the prevention and control of diabetes to understand particular recommended diet patterns for the local people

Summary

Introduction

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes continue to rise unprecedentedly, and this epidemic has accelerated in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) [1]. Several studies have suggested that dietary patterns derived from factor analysis were valued in the nutritional epidemiology of diabetes but different patterns with positive or negative health effects such as the anti-inflammatory dietary pattern were applied [4, 7,8,9]. Such disparities in dietary patterns may be partly due to the diversity in available food, food cooking, and eating habits over study populations in the context of various times, race, and culture, which meant that it should benefit the prevention and control of diabetes to understand particular recommended diet patterns for the local people. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising rapidly worldwide, but there are scant empirical data on the association between diet and diabetes in Southwest China

Methods

Results

Conclusion