Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between movement behaviours (sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity) and health indicators in a representative sample of children and youth using compositional analyses. Cross-sectional findings are based on 4169 children and youth (aged 6-17 years) from cycles 1 to 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sedentary time (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer-derived. Sleep duration was subjectively measured. Body mass index z scores, waist circumference, blood pressure, behavioural strengths and difficulties, and aerobic fitness were measured in the full sample. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and insulin were measured in a fasting subsample. The composition of movement behaviours was entered into linear regression models via an isometric log ratio transformation and was found to be associated with all health indicators (p < 0.01). Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB or LPA was positively associated (p < 0.04) and time spent in MVPA or sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.02) with obesity risk markers. Similarly, LPA was positively associated (p < 0.005) and sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.03) with unfavourable behavioural strengths and difficulties scores and systolic blood pressure. Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB was negatively associated (p < 0.001) and time spent in MVPA (p < 0.001) was positively associated with aerobic fitness. Likewise, MVPA was also negatively associated with several cardiometabolic risk markers (p < 0.008). Compositional data analyses provide novel insights into collective health implications of 24-h movement behaviours and can facilitate interesting avenues for future investigations.
Highlights
From a movement perspective, time in a 24-h period is distributed among sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity, and these behaviours range on a continuum from no/low movement to high movement
Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB or light-intensity physical activity (LPA) was positively associated (p < 0.04) and time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) or sleep was negatively associated (p < 0.02) with obesity risk markers
Relative to other movement behaviours, time spent in SB was negatively associated (p < 0.001) and time spent in MVPA (p < 0.001) was positively associated with aerobic fitness
Summary
Time in a 24-h period is distributed among sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity, and these behaviours range on a continuum from no/low movement to high movement. Overall findings have been mixed, with screen-based sedentary behaviour, in particular television viewing, showing relatively consistent detrimental effects on health indicators but not total sedentary time among children and youth (Carson and Janssen 2011; Grydeland et al 2012; Tremblay et al 2011a; Veitch et al 2012). Evidence is growing on the health implications of light-intensity physical activity in children (LPA; e.g., activities of 1.5–3.9 METs), with preliminary findings showing some benefits, in particular for lightintensity activities at the higher end of the spectrum (Carson et al 2013). When considering time outside of waking hours, short sleep duration has consistently been shown to be associated with obesity among children and youth, and evidence is growing for other health indicators (Chaput et al 2016; Chen et al 2008; Fatima et al 2015)
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