Abstract
BackgroundDaily time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) are compositional, co-dependent variables. The objectives of this study were to use compositional data analysis to: (1) examine the relationship between the movement behaviour composition (daily time spent in sleep, SED, LIPA and MVPA) and all-cause mortality risk, and (2) estimate the extent to which changing time spent in any given movement behaviour (sleep, SED, LIPA, or MVPA) within the movement behaviour composition was associated with changes in risk of all-cause mortality.Methods2838 adult participants from the 2005–2006 cycle of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were studied using a prospective cohort design. Daily time spent in SED, LIPA and MVPA were determined by accelerometer. Nightly time spent sleeping was self-reported. Survey data were linked with mortality data through to the end of December 2015. Compositional data analysis was used to investigate relationships between the movement behaviour composition and mortality.ResultsThe movement behaviour composition was significantly associated with mortality risk. Time spent in MVPA relative to other movement behaviours was negatively associated with mortality risk (HR = .74; 95% CI [.67, .83]) while relative time spent in SED was positively associated with mortality risk (HR = 1.75; 95% CI [1.10, 2.79]). Time displacement estimates revealed that the greatest estimated changes in mortality risk occurred when time spent in MVPA was decreased and replaced with sleep, SED, LIPA or a combination of these behaviours (HRs of 1.76 to 1.80 for 15 min/day displacements).ConclusionsThe daily movement behaviour composition was related to mortality. Replacing time in MVPA or SED with equivalent time from any other movement behaviour was associated with an increase and decrease in mortality risk, respectively.
Highlights
Time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) are compositional, co-dependent variables
The objectives of this study were to use a compositional data analysis (CoDA) approach to: (1) investigate whether the composition of time spent in sleep, SED, LIPA and MVPA was associated with all-cause mortality risk; and, (2) estimate the degree to which changing time in any given movement behaviour within the movement behaviour composition was associated with changes in risk of all-cause mortality
On average 29% of the 24-h day was spent sleeping, 42% was spent in SED, 28% was spent in LIPA, and 1% was spent in MVPA
Summary
Time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) are compositional, co-dependent variables. The authors found that the composition of time spent in sleep, SED, LIPA and MVPA was significantly associated with risk of all-cause mortality during a 5–6 year follow-up They showed in graphic format that replacing time spent in any movement behaviour with MVPA was associated with a lower mortality risk. Studies have suggested that 4 days of accelerometer data are necessary to obtain reliable measures of physical activity (ICC ≥ 0.80) [22, 23] Another limitation was the short follow-up and number of deaths, as such the study may have been subject to increased reverse causality bias [24] and may not have had adequate power to detect associations for all movement behaviours. A comprehensive measure of the diet was missing, yet two health status covariates that lie on the causal pathway between movement behaviours and mortality were included
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