Abstract
This study identifies physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) clusters in preschoolers compliant (C) or non-compliant (NC) with sleep recommendations; and associates these clusters with obesity markers. PA and SB were objectively assessed (Actigraph WGT3-X) in 272 preschoolers (4.4 ± 0.7 years old). Sleep duration was parent-reported, and preschoolers were classified as C (3–4 years old: 600–780 min/day; 5 years old: 540–660 min/day) or NC with sleep recommendations. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed according to international protocols. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and light physical activity (LPA) were categorized as low/high (<60 min/>60 min/day or <180 min/180 min/day, respectively). SB was defined according to mean values between clusters. Latent profile analysis was performed. Associations between the observed clusters and obesity markers were determined using linear regression (RStudio; 1.3.1073). Four cluster solutions for C and NC preschoolers were identified. A negative association between C/Low MVPA cluster and BMI, and a positive association between NC/Low MVPA and BMI (β = −0.8, 95%CI = −1.6;−0.1, and β = 0.9, 95%CI = 0.1;1.7, respectively) were observed. No association was seen for SB clusters. Adequate sleep duration may have a protective role for preschoolers’ BMI, even if the children do not comply with MVPA recommendations.
Highlights
Sleep is a daily behaviour that positively or negatively impacts on the entire day [1], as short sleep duration has been associated with low emotional regulation [2] and cognitive function [3], and higher odds of obesity development when compared to adequate sleep duration [4]
Studies pertaining to preschoolers’ sleep patterns have been conducted [17,19], the present study adds important and novel information to the literature, highlighting that, according to sleep duration, preschoolers are grouped in different latent profiles, which are differently related to obesity markers
Our main findings demonstrate that the C with sleep duration recommendations and low Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) cluster was negatively associated with Body mass index (BMI), while the NC with sleep duration and low MVPA cluster was positively associated with BMI
Summary
Sleep is a daily behaviour that positively or negatively impacts on the entire day [1], as short sleep duration has been associated with low emotional regulation [2] and cognitive function [3], and higher odds of obesity development when compared to adequate sleep duration [4]. The association between clusters of movement behaviours and obesity markers, such as body index mass (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), between those children who comply or do not comply with sleep recommendations remains an unexplored issue Results from this specific age group are limited, even considering that several healthrelated risks factors appear in this period of life [24,25,26], and behaviours adopted in early childhood tend to track throughout life [27]. This study sought to identify PA and SB clusters in preschoolers that comply or do not comply with sleep recommendations, and to investigate the association of these clusters with obesity markers This information is critical to further understand in detail how movement behaviours are grouped in preschoolers, which may support the inception of strategies to effectively intervene and ameliorate health-related risks
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