Abstract
Aim: Acute viral hepatitis B may lead to chronic hepatitis in 6% of adult population. We compared the frequency of Tumor necrosis factor alpha promotor polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis B patients and people with natural immunity against hepatitis B.
 Material and Methodology: Chronic hepatitis B patients and age matched control cases with natural immunity to hepatitis B virus were recruited 1:1 in this study. Tumor necrosis factor alpha -238G/A and -308G/A polymorphisms were studied with PCR-RFLP. χ2 test was performed in statistical analysis.
 Results: A total of 101 volunteers enrolled in two study groups. Thirty-eight men and 12 women constituted the chronic hepatitis B patient group and 40 men and 11 women recruited in natural immunity group. Frequency of -238G allele was 87.5% and 97% in chronic hepatitis B and natural immunity groups, respectively. Frequency of -308G allel was 93% and 92.1% in chronic hepatitis B and natural immunity groups, respectively. Frequencies of polymorphisms at positions -238 and -308 in the promotor of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene were not different between chronic hepatitis B and natural immunity groups.
 Conclusion: Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphisms at -238 and -308 positions do not effect the outcome hepatitis B infection in Turkish population. Clearance of hepatitis B virus infection is multifactorial. Thus, further studies needed to identify genetic predisposition to chronic hepatitis B infection.
Highlights
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is estimated to have infect- infancy results CHB in 90% patients whereas infeced more than 2 billion people worldwide, of whom, tion during adulthood leads to chronic infection in 400 million are chronically infected today and are at less than 5% of patients [5]
About early intrahepatic events in human infection, Outcome of HBV infection is affected by viral and data from the animal models of acute HBV infection host factors
These findings suggest that TNFα activity is crucial to control HBV infection and vi- Diseases ral replication
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is estimated to have infect- infancy results CHB in 90% patients whereas infeced more than 2 billion people worldwide, of whom, tion during adulthood leads to chronic infection in 400 million are chronically infected today and are at less than 5% of patients [5]. TNFα kills HBx sensitized cells consuming alcohol 40g/day, patients with cirrhosis via apoptosis [10] and inhibits HBV core promot- and autoimmune hepatitis were excluded. These findings suggest that TNFα activity is crucial to control HBV infection and vi- Diseases ral replication. Genomic clear cells of liver recipients with -308AA allel, when DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucochallenged with Con-A, produces TNFα thrice the cytes using standard phenol-chloroform methpatients with GG allele [16]. The aim of the present (Fermentas, England), 50 ng genomic DNA, 20 μL study was to determine whether certain TNF pro- 10 x buffer, and 1.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 1.2 μL primers motor polymorphisms affect outcome of HBV infec- and 10 pmol/L dNTPs. The PCR cycles were as foltion in Turkish population.
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