Association of tobacco use and cessation with coronary atherosclerosis

Abstract

Background and aimsThe impact of tobacco use and cessation on atherogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to study the association of tobacco use and prior cessation with the presence, extent and severity of atherosclerosis on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA). MethodsWe examined 1798 consecutive symptomatic patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD) referred for CTA, stratified by smoking status (never, current [within 30 days], or former [>30 days before CTA]). Plaque severity (none, <50%, ≥50% stenosis), composition (non-calcified [NCP], partially calcified [PCP], or calcified plaque [CP]), and segment involvement score (SIS) were visually graded. Multivariate analysis was performed, adjusting for CAD risk factors and cholesterol lowering medication use. ResultsThe median age of patients was 50 years [IQR:42–58] (61% male), with 74% never smokers, 12% current smokers, and 14% former smokers (median quit duration = 12 years [IQR:3–26]). Smoking exposure in former versus current smokers was 11 [IQR:5–25] and 10 [IQR:2–20] pack-years, respectively (p = 0.01). Compared to never smokers, current smokers demonstrated an increased odds ratio of all plaque types (adjusted OR: any NCP = 1.55 [95% CI 1.04–2.32], p = 0.03; any PCP = 1.61 [1.10–2.37], p = 0.02; any CP = 1.93 [1.32–2.81], p = 0.001), non-obstructive CAD (aOR = 1.47 [1.04, 2.07], p = 0.03), obstructive CAD (aOR = 1.81 [1.01–3.24], p = 0.047), and SIS > 4 (aOR = 1.60 [1.04–2.46], p = 0.03). Compared to current smoking, prior smoking cessation (≥12 years) was associated with a decreased odds ratio of any NCP (aOR = 0.42 [0.19–0.90], p = 0.03), CP (aOR = 0.43 [0.22–0.84], p = 0.02), and obstructive CAD (aOR = 0.40, [0.15–0.98], p = 0.048). ConclusionsCurrent smoking is independently associated with the presence and extent of coronary plaque, and a higher risk of non-obstructive and obstructive CAD compared to never smoking. Prior smoking cessation correlated with improvements in CTA-identified plaque measures.