Association of sunshine vitamin receptor gene polymorphisms (rs 2228570) and (rs7975232) with the type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraqi patients from the middle Euphrates region

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a significant global health issue. Polymorphisms of Vitamin D receptor gene such as rs 2228570 could be linked with type 2 DM. MethodsA case-control analysis was performed on 400 patients and 400 controls. This research was conducted in Iraqi patients for the correlation between (rs2228570) and (rs7975232) with T2DM. After extraction of DNA, FokI and ApaI are used as restriction enzymes in the RFLP method to detect these two polymorphisms. Insulin level, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, HDL, TG, VLDL, and total cholesterol were measured. BMI has been calculated in all subjects. The odds ratio for type 2 DM risk was calculated. ResultsThe ff, Ff and f allele of rs 2228570 was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM [OR = 4.30, p = 0.000], [OR = 3.12, p = 0.001] and [OR = 3.24, p = 0.000] respectively. The SNP is correlated with T2DM in the various inheritance models, dominant [OR = 4.0, p = 0.001] and recessive [OR = 2.90 p = 0.000]. Under codominant pattern revealed that the (BMI, insulin level and 25 hydroxyvitamin D) analyzed showed significant differences among genotypes in patients group.There were no significant differences between all genetic models and alleles frequencies of the ApaI (rs 7975232) and the risk of T2DM (p > 0.05). ApaI AA genotype was associated with a higher HDL level (p < 0.05). ConclusionOur results revealed that the FokI rs2228570 SNP increases the risk of T2DM, and it is associated with low levels of vitamin D, while no significant between the risk of T2DM and ApaI rs 7975232 genotype.