Association of Serum Vitamin D Level with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Context: Numerous recent studies have found high rates of cardiovascular diseases among patients with lower levels of Vitamin D. This study seeks the pattern of Vitamin D level in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Aims: This study aims to assess the association between serum Vitamin D level and Acute MI (AMI). Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study, conducted for 6 months from January to June 2022 in the Department of Cardiology of BIRDEM. Fifty patients with evidence of AMI, both male and female, age ≥18-year, biomarker evidence of myocardial injury (elevated troponin I) enrolled in case group. Fifty attendants of the patients admitted in other specialties of the hospital and having no ischemic heart disease enrolled in the control group. Statistical Analysis Used: t test, odd ratio. Results: The mean plasma Vitamin D level in case group was 15.62 ± 8.56 and that of control group was 19.50 ± 7.04. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Severely deficient Vitamin D subjects were more likely to develop AMI than subjects who had normal/insufficient Vitamin D level in blood (odds ratio [OR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval for OR 1.03–7.03) (P < 0.05). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were evident in diabetic patient compared to nondiabetic patient with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions: From the study result, it is revealed that subjects with AMI in comparison to the control group had a significantly low Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D level which may be a risk factor for developing AMI.