English

Abstract

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency continues to be an unrecognized health disorder globally while ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of premature mortality. Many recent studies have found high rates of cardiovascular diseases among patients with low vitamin D levels. Due to limited randomized control trials, it is reasonable to screen acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients for vitamin D deficiency. Thus, the study aims to find out as to whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for AMI and evaluate the association between their troponin I and vitamin D levels. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, cases included patients admitted with myocardial infarction in the medicine wards or ICU while controls were age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects. Detailed history was taken about duration of the illness and other significant medical illness. Serum troponin I (Trop I) levels and electrocardiogram (ECG) reports were assessed. Serum samples for 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VitD] estimation by electrochemiluminescence method, were collected from both cases and controls. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0 software. RESULTS The mean 25(OH)VitD levels were found to be significantly lesser in cases [20.98 ± 6.29 ng/ml] as compared to controls [27.13 ± 10.50 ng/ml], further decreased in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (17 %) subjects [15.70 ± 4.43 ng/ml] as compared to non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (83%) [22.06 ± 6.10 ng/ml]. There exists a significant moderate negative correlation [ρ = -0.46] between troponin I levels and 25(OH)VitD levels in AMI. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency hence can be a risk factor for development of myocardial infarction. But already established risk factors confounds to state it as an independent risk factor. KEYWORDS Acute Myocardial Infarction, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Troponin I, ST-Elevation myocardial infarction, Non-ST Elevation myocardial infarction