Abstract
The association between sleep conditions and arterial stiffness remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the relationship of sleep duration and quality with brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) in hypertensive patients. A total of 14,485 hypertensive adults were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Information about sleep duration and quality was obtained via questionnaire. A baPWV level ≥1800 cm/s was defined as indicative of arterial stiffness. Compared with participants with a sleep duration <8 h per day, participants with a sleep duration ≥8 h per day had a significantly higher baPWV level (β = 13.7 cm/s; 95% CI: 3.9, 23.5) and a nonsignificantly higher prevalence of arterial stiffness (39.7% vs. 33.0%; OR, 1.08; 95% CI: 0.99–1.19). Similarly, compared with participants with good or medium sleep quality, participants with poor sleep quality had a significantly higher baPWV level (β = 16.3 cm/s; 95% CI: 0.1, 32.6) and a nonsignificantly greater prevalence of arterial stiffness (36.6% vs. 35.3%; OR, 1.13; 95% CI: 0.97–1.32). When sleep duration and quality were examined jointly, participants with a sleep duration ≥8 h and/or poor sleep quality had a significantly higher baPWV level (β = 14.4 cm/s; 95% CI: 5.3, 23.4) and a greater prevalence of arterial stiffness (38.8% vs. 32.7%; OR, 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.20) than those with a sleep duration <8 h and good/medium sleep quality. In summary, among hypertensive patients, a longer sleep duration (≥8 h per day) and poor sleep quality were associated with higher baPWV levels and a higher prevalence of arterial stiffness.
Highlights
Supplementary information The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Arterial stiffness is a subclinical measure of vascular disease, and increased arterial stiffness indicates the deterioration of arterial blood vessel elasticity
Baseline characteristics are presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables according to sleep duration or sleep quality
Our current study revealed that a longer sleep duration (≥8 h) or poor sleep quality was associated with higher brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) levels and a greater prevalence of arterial stiffness in the general Chinese hypertensive population
Summary
Arterial stiffness is a subclinical measure of vascular disease, and increased arterial stiffness indicates the deterioration of arterial blood vessel elasticity. A better understanding of the potential risk factors for increased arterial stiffness may help to prevent the onset of arterial stiffness and related CVDs. Generally, increased arterial stiffness results from the deterioration of vascular wall structure and function. Previous studies have suggested that chronic sleep fragmentation and sleep restriction may be involved in the progression of endothelial dysfunction and structural vascular changes [3, 4]. Several previous studies have investigated the association between abnormal sleep conditions and arterial stiffness, but they have reported inconsistent findings [5,6,7,8,9]. The relationship between sleep conditions and arterial stiffness remains inconclusive
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