Abstract
BackgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) mediates the progression of coronary artery disease, diabetic complications, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Limited information is available on the association of RC with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore whether RC can be used to independently evaluate the risk of NAFLD in the general population and to analyze the predictive value of RC for NAFLD.MethodsThe study included 14,251 subjects enrolled in a health screening program. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound, and the association of RC with NAFLD was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression equation.ResultsSubjects with elevated RC had a significantly higher risk of developing NAFLD after fully adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR 1.77 per SD increase, 95% CI 1.64–1.91, P trend< 0.001). There were significant differences in this association among sex, BMI and age stratification. Compared with men, women were facing a higher risk of RC-related NAFLD. Compared with people with normal BMI, overweight and obesity, the risk of RC-related NAFLD was higher in thin people. In different age stratifications, when RC increased, young people had a higher risk of developing NAFLD than other age groups. Additionally, ROC analysis results showed that among all lipid parameters, the AUC of RC was the largest (women: 0.81; men: 0.74), and the best threshold for predicting NAFLD was 0.54 in women and 0.63 in men.ConclusionsThe results obtained from this study indicate that (1) in the general population, RC is independently associated with NAFLD but not with other risk factors. (2) Compared with traditional lipid parameters, RC has a better predictive ability for NAFLD in men.
Highlights
Remnant cholesterol (RC) mediates the progression of coronary artery disease, diabetic complications, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease
Some recent evidence suggests that remnant cholesterol (RC) rich in TG lipoprotein mediates the progression of coronary artery disease, diabetic complications, hypertension and chronic kidney disease [12,13,14,15,16]
According to the current research purpose, the researchers extracted the available data from 2004 to 2015 in the NAfld in Gifu Area (NAGALA) project (n = 20,944) and included 14,251 subjects who met the requirements according to the following exclusion criteria: (i) Missing baseline information of subjects (n = 863); (ii) Subjects who drank heavily [19]; (iii) Subjects were taking medication orally when baseline information was collected (n = 2321); (iv) Subjects with alcoholic hepatitis or viral hepatitis or diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (n = 1547); and (v) Subjects not enrolled in the study for unknown reasons (n = 10)
Summary
Remnant cholesterol (RC) mediates the progression of coronary artery disease, diabetic complications, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Limited information is available on the association of RC with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to explore whether RC can be used to independently evaluate the risk of NAFLD in the general population and to analyze the predictive value of RC for NAFLD. Some recent evidence suggests that remnant cholesterol (RC) rich in TG lipoprotein mediates the progression of coronary artery disease, diabetic complications, hypertension and chronic kidney disease [12,13,14,15,16].
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