Abstract
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has increased life expectancy of HIV-infected patients, but may also increase triglyceride and cholesterol levels, triggering lipodystrophy syndrome. Physical activity may prevent or attenuate such adverse effects, but it has not been fully evaluated in HIV-infected patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV-infected individuals, 18 years or older. Physical activity was evaluated by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Lipodystrophy was verified by at least two reporting of changes in different parts of the body, or directly assessed, categorized as lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy. Among 1,240 participants, 46% had lipohypertrophy, which was independently associated with insufficient physical activity in men, but not in women. The prevalence of lipoatrophy was 53.2%. Metabolic parameters were higher among individuals on HAART, in comparison to HAART-naive patients. In conclusion, HAART-naive physically active individuals had lower metabolic profile than among insufficiently active.
Highlights
Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly changed the morbidity and quality of life among HIV-infected patients [1]
HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome is among the adverse effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), characterized by atrophy in the peripheral regions and lipohypertrophy in the central region [2,3,4], which can be presented alone or combined [2,3]
HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome is clearly influenced by the use of HAART, reverse transcriptase inhibitors are strongly associated with lipoatrophy and protease inhibitors to lipohypertrophy and lipid disorders
Summary
Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly changed the morbidity and quality of life among HIV-infected patients [1]. The syndrome may increase the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein fraction (LDL) and glucose, and reduce the levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) [4,5]. HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome is clearly influenced by the use of HAART, reverse transcriptase inhibitors are strongly associated with lipoatrophy and protease inhibitors to lipohypertrophy and lipid disorders. Factors associated with lipodystrophy include gender, age, class of antiretroviral and duration of HAART use [6]. There are reports of these changes among HIV-individuals that are not under antiretroviral treatment [4]. AIDS is classified as a chronic disease, resulting in increased cardiovascular risk [7]
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