Association of long non-coding RNA MIAT and MALAT1 expression profiles in peripheral blood of coronary artery disease patients with previous cardiac events.

Eman A Toraih,Ayman S Alhazmi,Aya El-Wazir,Mohamed M Abdel-Daim,Saleh A Alghamdi,Mohammad El-Wazir,Manal S Fawzy

doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0185

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various cellular and pathological processes. Two lncRNAs, myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), may be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we aimed to determine the relative circulating levels of MIAT and MALAT1 in 110 stable CAD patients and 117 controls and to correlate their levels with the clinical and laboratory data. Peripheral blood expression levels were quantified by Real-Time qPCR. The median MIAT expression level in CAD patients was significantly 12-fold higher than controls (p<0.001). Otherwise, the median MALAT1 expression level was comparable in patient and control groups. Both lncRNAs showed significantly higher relative expression levels in patients with positive history of previous cardiac ischemic events, and MIAT showed significantly higher expression in diabetic CAD patients. The area under the curve of MIAT (0.888 ± 0.02 with sensitivity 95.5% and specificity 72.7%), was significantly larger than that of MALAT1 (0.601 ± 0.04 with sensitivity 50% and specificity 63.6%) for detecting the presence of significant CAD. The current findings suggest that lncRNA MIAT could have a diagnostic significance in CAD patients. MALAT1 levels, however, are not sufficiently reliable to have much clinical use in our cases.

Highlights

In the past years, the discovery of long non-coding RNAs has piqued global interest
myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) relative expression levels were elevated in peripheral blood of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, with a 12-fold higher relative expression level compared to healthy controls
Vausort et al (2014) found that MIAT was expressed in peripheral blood of both myocardial infarct (MI) patients and healthy individuals, they found a significant difference in its relative expression between ST elevation MI (STEMI) and Non-ST segment MI (NSTEMI) subgroups

Summary

Introduction

The discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has piqued global interest. These RNAs are non-coding sequences of more than 200 nucleotides that are able to regulate gene expression through affecting transcription, post-transcriptional events, as well as transla-. One of the early identified myocardial infarct (MI)-related lncRNAs is the myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), encoded by the five exon MIAT gene on chromosome 22q12.1 (Ishii et al., 2006). In vitro functional analysis has revealed an MI susceptibility variant in exon 5 of MIAT, associated with an increased transcriptional level of the gene (Ishii et al, 2006), suggesting a possible role of MIAT in the pathogenesis of MI. MIAT was shown to be involved in vascular endothelial dysfunction (Yan et al, 2015), which suggests a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

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