Association of Insulin Resistance with Vascular Ageing in a General Caucasian Population: An EVA Study.

Luis García-Ortiz,Susana González-Sánchez,Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos,Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez,Cristina Lugones-Sánchez,Marta Gómez-Sánchez,Leticia Gómez-Sánchez,Olaya Tamayo-Morales

doi:10.3390/jcm10245748

Luis García-Ortiz, Susana González-Sánchez + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10245748

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Abstract

The data on the relationship between insulin resistance and vascular ageing are limited. The aim of this study was to explore the association of different indices of insulin resistance with vascular ageing in an adult Caucasian population without cardiovascular disease. We selected 501 individuals without cardiovascular disease (mean age: 55.9 years, 50.3% women) through random sampling stratified by sex and age. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring the carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The participants were classified into three groups according to the degree of vascular ageing: early vascular ageing (EVA), normal vascular ageing (NVA) and healthy vascular ageing (HVA). Insulin resistance was evaluated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and another five indices. The prevalence of HVA and EVA was 8.4% and 21.4%, respectively, when using cfPWV, and 7.4% and 19.2%, respectively, when using baPWV. The deterioration of vascular ageing, with both measurements, presented as an increase in all the analysed indices of insulin resistance. In the multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis, the indices of insulin resistance showed a positive association with cfPWV and baPWV and with EVA.

Highlights

Insulin resistance produces hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, and is characterised by high levels of plasma triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)[1,2]
It is of increasing research interest to determine the interactions that link insulin resistance to vascular ageing, as well as to evaluate which insulin resistance index is the most adequate to predict vascular ageing. This relationship has not been explored in the Caucasian population; the main objective of the present study was to analyse the association between different insulin resistance indices and vascular ageing in an adult Caucasian population without cardiovascular disease
Regarding the main findings of this study, the insulin resistance indices showed a positive association with vascular ageing, there were differences between them

Summary

Introduction

Insulin resistance produces hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, and is characterised by high levels of plasma triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)[1,2]. Based on anthropometric, glycaemic and/or biochemical parameters gathered routinely in clinical practice, new indices have been created to evaluate insulin resistance, such as the triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) [8,14,15], triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (T/HDL-c ratio) [16], lipid accumulation product index (LAP index) [17,18], waist-to-height ratio (WHt ratio) and visceral adiposity index (VA index) [19] These indices have shown good correlation with HOMA-IR [14,17,19,20] and an independent association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular events [21]; they can be used as substitute measures to assess insulin resistance [5,22,23]

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