Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate any associations between blood glucose (BG) and lipid levels in patients with different glucose tolerance statuses, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cases as well as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals.MethodsA total of 354 participants were recruited to this study including 174 in the T2DM group, 112 in the IGR group and 68 in the NGT group. We compared BG, insulin and C-peptide (CP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serum levels during a 3 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the 3 groups.ResultsBasic overall HbA1c serum concentration percentages were 5.52, 6.33 and 9.76% for the NTG, IGR and T2DM cases. During the OGTT, insulin secretion in the IGR group was almost double that of the T2DM group. CP levels were highest in the IGR patients and OGTT related BG concentrations were highest in the T2DM group followed by IGR, but in the IGR group hyperglycemia was less pronounced than in T2DM patients (P < 0.001). Compared to the NGT group, TC, TG and LDL-C serum concentrations were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) and HDL-C concentrations were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in IGR and T2DM cases compared to the NTG group.ConclusionsIGR led to similar unfavorable blood lipid patterns compared with T2DM patients and an imbalance of insulin and CP serum concentrations during an OGTT.
Highlights
To investigate any associations between blood glucose (BG) and lipid levels in patients with different glucose tolerance statuses, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cases as well as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals
We found that insulin serum concentrations were significantly different in the 3 groups and reached a peak 30 min after the start of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the NGT group, and after 120 min in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and IGR groups (Fig. 1a), with the areas under the curves (AUC0–180) being 7849, 10,417and 4930 for insulin, 1.593, 2015 and 1083 for C-peptide and 1.140, 1539 and 2316 for FBG in the NTG, IGR and T2DM groups
The biggest stress reaction of islet β cells in the IGR and T2DM groups occurred 90 min later than in the NGT group, and the highest level of CP release in the IGR patients was 30 min after the NGT and 1 h before the T2DM cases. These findings suggested that there was an imbalance of islet β cell function and CP release in the IGR group and insulin non-responsiveness lead to almost a doubling of the insulin serum concentration, which was reflected in significantly enhanced BG
Summary
To investigate any associations between blood glucose (BG) and lipid levels in patients with different glucose tolerance statuses, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) cases as well as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease due either to a lack of insulin secretion or a reduced insulin sensitivity, with high blood sugar levels being the main characteristic, and is often associated with fat, protein and electrolyte metabolic disorders and acid-base imbalance. Previous studies have shown that major vascular complications are already manifest even in subjects with blood glucose levels under the limit for the diagnosis of diabetes [1]. An increase in body mass index (BMI) plays an important role in the progress from IGR to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic disorders may contribute to the development of IGR in non-diabetic subjects [16]. IGR is often concurrent with high blood lipid or lipid metabolic abnormalities
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