Association of Glycative Stress With Motor and Muscle Function.

Tatsuro Egawa,Tatsuya Hayashi

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.855358

Abstract

Glycative stress is a type of biological stress caused by non-enzymatic glycation reactions, which include advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, AGE accumulation, glycation-driven dysfunction of proteins and cellular signaling, inflammation, oxidation, and tissue damage. Increased glycative stress derived from hyperglycemia and lifestyle disorders is a risk factor in metabolic and age-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, and dementia. Studies have shown that AGE accumulation is correlated with the age-related loss of muscle mass and power output, also called sarcopenia. Mechanistically, dysfunctions of contractile proteins, myogenic capacity, and protein turnover can cause glycative stress-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. Because the skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ in the body, maintaining skeletal muscle health is essential for whole-body health. Increasing awareness and understanding of glycative stress in the skeletal muscle in this review will contribute to the maintenance of better skeletal muscle function.

Highlights

Because advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified proteins increase with age and are involved in the development of age-related diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, osteoporosis, and diabetic complications, glycative stress is attracting attention as an agingpromoting factor along with oxidative stress
The results revealed that the level of carboxymethyl lysine (CML), which is a typical AGE, in the blood is a risk factor for poor walking ability (Sun et al, 2012)
Decreased motor function, including that of skeletal muscles, is a major factor that leads to the need for long-term care, and taking care not to accumulate glycative stress is necessary to avoid such a condition

Summary

Introduction

Proteins are functionally regulated through post-translational modifications. “Glycation” is a type of post-translational modification that occurs non-enzymatically and involves a chemical reaction in which proteins bind to sugars and eventually become modified into advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Because protein turnover decreases with aging, the accumulation of AGEs in the body progresses, leading to an increase in glycative stress. Cohort studies of elderly people (≥ 65 years old) in Germany and Netherlands have found that blood and subcutaneous levels of AGEs were inversely associated with health-related quality of life (Drenth et al, 2018; Ebert et al, 2019).

Results

Conclusion