Association of Family History, Drinking and Transient Ischemic Attach with Coronary Artery Disease in a tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiac disease, caused by the accumulation of a waxy substance called plaque inside the coronary arteries' lumens. CAD is the main cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, accounting for more than 4.5 million deaths in developing countries. Objective: To determine the association of family history, alcohol consumption and transient ischemic attack with coronary artery disease in Pakistani population. Methods: It was case-control research conducted in Lahore's Mayo Hospital, a tertiary medical facility. A total of 200 people were included in the study, with 100 being cases and the other 100 being controls. Non-probability sampling was used to enroll 77 males and 23 females in the cases and 52 males and 48 females in the controls. The data was analyzed with SPSS software, which was utilized to determine the relationship between various risk variables and CAD. Results: Results showed that CAD is more prevalent in males as compared to females (38.5% versus 11.5%). Family history was found to be substantially associated with coronary artery disease patients (p-value=0.000, OR=4.00). 24 had a history of Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and 76 did not have TIA, whereas in controls only 3 had TIA, and 97 did not have TIA. There is a statistically significant association of TIA with CAD. In CAD patients, 4 were alcoholics and 96 were non-alcoholics. In controls, 3 were alcoholic and 97 were nonalcoholic. There is no statistically significant association between alcohol and coronary artery disease. Conclusions: The current study has brought attention to the rising prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated risk factors, such as gender, family history, and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA). The development of targeted efforts to raise knowledge about coronary artery disease and its associated risk factors, as well as an emphasis on lifestyle adjustment, is urgently required.