Abstract
Previous studies have shown that habitual physical activity improves postprandial appetite regulation. We evaluated the direct association between physical activity level (PAL) and postprandial appetite regulation, and the effect of day-to-day variations in PAL on improving postprandial appetite regulation in lean young males. Fourteen young male adults wore a triaxial accelerometer for at least 6 consecutive days to evaluate their PAL. Two random liquid preload tests were performed on separate days to evaluate the competence of postprandial appetite regulation. In the preload test, participants ate sandwiches ad libitum 75 min after drinking one of two liquids containing different energy densities. When a participant had an adequate regulation of their postprandial appetite, the difference in energy intake from sandwiches was expected to be close to the energy gap between both liquids. Average daily PAL (r = −0.558, p < 0.05), but not the SD of PAL, which is indicative of the day-to-day variations in PAL (r = −0.437, p > 0.1), correlated with the difference in energy intake from the sandwiches. In addition, higher average PAL was closer to the energy gap between the two liquids. These results suggest that average daily PAL, rather than day-to-day variations in PAL, predicts inter-individual variation in postprandial appetite regulation, at least for lean young males.
Highlights
Energy expenditure (EE) resulting from physical activity (PA) changes dynamically moment by moment
physical activity level (PAL) was slightly associated with SD of LPA (r = 0.526, p = 0.05) and SD of vigorous intensity PA (VPA) (r = 0.649, p < 0.05), but not SD of moderate intensity PA (MPA) (r = 0.413, p > 0. 1) and SD of sedentary behavior (SB)
SD of PAL was more strongly influenced by SD of VPA (r = 0.926, p < 0.0001) or SD
Summary
Energy expenditure (EE) resulting from physical activity (PA) changes dynamically moment by moment. On a long-term basis, changes in body weight are not very large [1,2], which is partially due to the incessant regulation of energy homeostasis. Strong evidence suggests that regular high levels of PA or regular exercise indirectly influence energy homeostasis by altering appetite regulation [3], as previously indicated by Mayer [4]. PA may improve the accuracy of postprandial appetite regulation in response to calories from food. The accuracy of energy homeostasis systems should influence weight change. Such physiological evidence strengthens the recommendation for regular PA for obesity prevention
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