Abstract
ABSTRACT As climate warming is widespread over the world, the Tibetan Plateau is particularly sensitive to climate warming impacts owing to its high elevations and complex topography, receiving worldwide attention for its significant feedbacks through affecting the atmosphere circulation, and thus the Asia climate system even to global. In this study, the new metric “total atmospheric energy”, is considered to investigate the association of thermal anomalies on the Tibetan Plateau with haze events in China. The total atmospheric energy (TPE) of the Tibetan Plateau, including sensible heat energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, and latent heat energy, was calculated using US National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) meteorological reanalysis data from 1980 to 2016 to characterize the atmospheric thermal forcing of the large topography of the Tibetan Plateau. Results show that TPE has displayed periods of increase levels in recent decades, and inter-annual variations of TPE are significantly positively correlated with winter haze days over northern China but are negatively associated with haze events in southern China. Further diagnostic analysis and simulated results using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Chem model indicate that the anomalous increase of TPE leads to enhanced thermal stability of the lower atmosphere, a weakened East Asian winter monsoonal wind in northern China, and increased near-surface wind speed in southern China, which are conductive to positive PM2.5 anomalies in northern China and negative PM2.5 anomalies in southern China. This implies that meteorological changes induced by TPE anomalies may play an important role in wintertime haze pollution over different regions of eastern China. Understanding the climate-related TPE modulating the favourable meteorological conditions for winter haze pollution over Eastern China could contribute to long-term planning for air pollution control.
Highlights
Increased air pollution in China has commonly been attributed to large increases in pollutant emissions associated with China’s rapid economic development (Fu and Chen, 2017)
Further diagnostic analysis and simulated results using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Chem model indicate that the anomalous increase of total atmospheric energy (TPE) leads to enhanced thermal stability of the lower atmosphere, a weakened East Asian winter monsoonal wind in northern China, and increased near-surface wind speed in southern China, which are conductive to positive PM2.5 anomalies in northern China and negative PM2.5 anomalies in southern China
The continual increase in Chinese pollutant emissions is undoubtably the main contributor to inter-annual variations in winter haze occurrences, but the significant increase of TPE may play an important role in the variations of haze events in China
Summary
Increased air pollution in China has commonly been attributed to large increases in pollutant emissions associated with China’s rapid economic development (Fu and Chen, 2017). Regions in China still experience haze pollution, which results from the synergetic interactions between anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes (An et al, 2019). The reduction of haze days should not be entirely attributed to improved air-quality control measures without accounting for the effects of climate variability. The rapid warming of the Barents-Kara Sea region in association with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic warming enhances the Siberian High, and played an important role in the improvement of air quality during winter 2017– 2018 in the North China Plain (Yi et al, 2019).
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