Abstract
BackgroundSagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is a novel anthropometric measure hypothesized to be a surrogate measure of visceral abdominal obesity in adults. This study aims to determine whether SAD is superior to other anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in terms of association to cardiometabolic risk and circulating adipocytokine concentrations in a cohort of Saudi children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 948 (495 boys and 453 girls) apparently healthy children with varying BMI, aged 10–17 years, were included in this cross sectional study. Fasting glucose, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, insulin, TNF-α and aPAI-1 were measured in serum and HOMA-IR was calculated. MetS components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.ResultsBMI was superior to SAD as well as WHR, and had the highest number of significant associations to MetS components and adipocytokines even after adjustment for age and gender, including blood pressure, lipids, glucose and leptin.ConclusionIn conclusion, while SAD is significantly associated with components of MetS among children and adolescents, it is not superior to BMI. The use of SAD therefore may not be practical for use in the pediatric clinical setting. Follow-up studies are needed to determine whether SAD has clinical significance in terms of harder outcomes such as predicting diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is a novel anthropometric measure hypothesized to be a surrogate measure of visceral abdominal obesity in adults
A novel anthropometric index that can rival waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference in clinical risk assessment is the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), considered a reliable surrogate measure of visceral abdominal fat, the fat tissue type that is significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk variables such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension [6,7,8], measured non-invasively by a simple caliper [9]
SAD was no better than body mass index (BMI), despite significant correlations with metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, insulin sensitivity indices and adipocytokine concentrations
Summary
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is a novel anthropometric measure hypothesized to be a surrogate measure of visceral abdominal obesity in adults. This study aims to determine whether SAD is superior to other anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in terms of association to cardiometabolic risk and circulating adipocytokine concentrations in a cohort of Saudi children and adolescents. Waist circumference is used in both clinical practice and biomedical research to measure abdominal obesity and to screen for the presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) Other anthropometric indices, such as body mass index (BMI), as. A novel anthropometric index that can rival WHR and waist circumference in clinical risk assessment is the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), considered a reliable surrogate measure of visceral abdominal fat, the fat tissue type that is significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk variables such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension [6,7,8], measured non-invasively by a simple caliper [9]. The present study aims to determine the superior marker of obesity through comparisons of SAD, BMI, WHR in terms of association strength with metabolic risk factors and levels of circulating adipocytokines in a cohort of Saudi children
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