Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Anemia is common among those with diabetes and chronic kidney disease and greatly contributes to patient outcomes. Observational studies indicate that low hemoglobin levels in such patients may increase risk for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective: 1. Estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and hemoglobin level in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. 2. To determine the prevalence of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without chronic kidney disease. Methodology: This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study carried out in Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara. A total no of 100 consecutive patients were enrolled; 25 patients having Diabetes, 25 patients having diabetes and chronic kidney disease, 25 patients having only chronic kidney disease but no diabetes and 25 patients neither having diabetes nor chronic kidney disease taken as a control group. Results: Anemia was present in 37% diabetic patients, 17% in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease, 3% in patients with only chronic kidney disease. Anaemia was significantly higher in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease and diabetes with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Anemia was more prevalent in persons with diabetes and diabetes associated with chronic kidney disease compared to persons without diabetes. Therefore anemia may be particularly harmful in individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Correction of anemia may have a significant role in prevention of other diabetic complications.
Highlights
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Anemia is relatively common in patients with diabetes mellitus, and low hemoglobin concentration contributes too many clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus or its progression
We examined the prevalence of anemia across a broad range of kidney function according to diabetes status, among individuals at increased risk of kidney disease participating in a community-based screening program that targeted persons with risk factors for CKD
Summary
Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Anemia is common among those with diabetes and chronic kidney disease and greatly contributes to patient outcomes. Observational studies indicate that low hemoglobin levels in such patients may increase risk for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 2. To determine the prevalence of anaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without chronic kidney disease. Anemia is relatively common in patients with diabetes mellitus, and low hemoglobin concentration contributes too many clinical aspects of diabetes mellitus or its progression. Low hemoglobin concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a more rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate than that of other kidney diseases[1]. Al-Khoury et al[4] demonstrated that for each CKD stage, hemoglobin is 1 g/dl lower in patients with diabetes than in the non-diabetic population
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