Abstract
data regarding these biomarkers in relation to dietary patterns from the Southern Cone of Latin America. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze these biomarkers in relation to our traditional dietary patterns. Structure/Method/Design: CESCAS I study is an observational prospective cohort study with a multistage probabilistic sample of 7600 participants from general population of four sites in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a randomly selected subsample of 988 subjects. Subjects with previous cardiovascular events or under lipid-lowering agents were excluded. Diet was assessed using a previously validated 126-item food frequency questionnaire. We used a factor analysis to derive the major dietary patterns by gender. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations among Apo AI, Apo B, CRP, and other lipids (dependent variables) and quartiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores (independent variables). Linear trends tests were conducted to assess the associations with multiple regression analysis. Results (Scientific Abstract)/Collaborative Partners (Programmatic Abstract): The population sample included 418 men and 570 women. The “prudent pattern” (PP) was characterized by intake of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, whole cereal, fish, and seafood. In men, higher scores of PP (Q4) showed a significant reduction in mean adjusted values of Apo B (e9.29 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC) (e22.4 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (e19.0 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (e3.3 mg/dL) compared to the lowest scores (Q1). In normal-weight subjects, higher scores of PP also reduced CRP levels (e3.12 g/L). In women, higher scores of PP showed significant reduction in Apo B (e6.51 mg/dL), TC (e14.4 mg/dL) and LDL (e11.3 mg/dL). The “Western-like pattern” (WLP) was characterized by intake of meat, processed foods, pizza, empanadas, sweets and desserts, refined grains, vegetable oils, and other fats. In men, higher scores of WLP showed a trend to increase LDL (+27.1 mg/dL) while in women they showed a trend to increase values of triglycerides (+27.1 mg/dL, P 1⁄4 0.08), LDL (+7.4 mg/dL), and TC (+9.2 mg/dL). Apo AI level was not associated with any dietary pattern. Summary/Conclusion: Prudent dietary pattern was associated with a healthier lipid profile in both genders and better inflammatory profile in normal weight men, while the WLP showed a trend to increase plasma lipids, especially in women.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women, and in the developing world, late-stage diagnosis contributes to significant morbidity and mortality
Structure/Method/Design: Many of the established knowledge assessment instruments from the United States focused on mammography screening, which was not applicable in this setting, so we conducted focus groups, as we developed our own tool
Focus groups were conducted with health care workers from multiple tiers of the health care system to ensure that the topics covered in the questionnaire were comprehensive
Summary
In 2004, an estimated 346,000 deaths occurred worldwide from unintentional poisonings, 91% of which occurred in developing countries. Due to lack of data collection mechanisms and resources, unintentional poisoning studies have not been conducted in most developing countries. Pediatricians in Kumasi, Ghana reported an increase in the number of admissions for unintentional childhood poisonings. Structure/Method/Design: A cross-sectional, semi-structured questionnaire consisting of open- and close-ended questions was developed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and current practices regarding unintentional household childhood poisonings in rural, agrarian Ashanti, Ghana. Less than 5% of respondents (4/114) indicated that teaching children about potentially poisonous substances would help reduce poisoning incidents. While most participants in our study acknowledged that a poison was a harmful substance, and could identify at least one poison in their home, few knew that teaching their children about harmful substances could help reduce unintentional poisonings.
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