Abstract P271: Relationship among Dietary Patterns, Apolipoproteins, C Reactive Protein and Other Lipids in Adult Populations in Four Cities of the Southern Cone of Latin America

Abstract

Background: In the last decades, the nutrition transition in Latin America turned to diets with higher total caloric intake and lower consumption of vegetables, cereals and fruits. An unhealthy dietary pattern affects plasma levels of apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, Apo B and C-reactive protein (CRP) which are independently associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke). There is no data regarding these biomarkers in relation to dietary patterns from the Southern Cone of Latin America. Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze these biomarkers in relation to our traditional dietary patterns. Methods: CESCAS I study is an observational prospective cohort study with a multistage probabilistic sample of 7,600 participants from general population of 4 sites in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a randomly selected subsample of 988 subjects. Subjects with previous cardiovascular event or under lipid lowering agents were excluded. Diet was assessed using a previously validated 126-item food frequency questionnaire. We used a factor analysis to derive the major dietary patterns by gender. Linear regression model were used to examine the independent associations among Apo AI, B, CRP, other lipids by tertiles of dietary pattern scores. Results: The population sample included 418 men and 570 women. Higher scores of “Prudent pattern”, characterized by intake of fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy products, fish, seafood and whole cereal was independently and significantly associated in men with the reduction of Apo B (β -4,4), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (β -7,2), Apo B/A ratio (β -0,03) and a non-significant reduction of CRP (β -0,6). In women, we observed a significant reduction in Apo B (β -1,3), LDL (β -2,1), total cholesterol (TC) /high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (β -0,1) and a non-significant reduction of triglycerides (β -4 mg/dl). The “Western like pattern” (WLP) was characterized by meat, processed foods, pizza, empanadas, sweets and desserts, refined grains, vegetables oils and other fats. Higher scores of WLP showed in men a non-significant increment of Apo B (β 0,7), TC/HDL ratio (β 0,1), CRP (β 0,1), LDL (β 3), triglycerides (β 1,3) and a non-significant reduction of Apo AI (β -1,7) and HDL (β -0,7). In women, we observed a significant increment of TC/HDL ratio (β 0,2) and triglycerides (β 12). We also found a non-significant increment of Apo B and LDL and to reduce HDL and CRP. Conclusion: Our findings confirm that diet has an important role on health. Prudent diet pattern was associated with a healthier lipid profile especially in men. The WLP showed a trend to adversely affect the lipids profile and CRP.