Abstract
The imbalanced network of adipokines may contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, three classic adipokines—adiponectin, leptin and resistin—have been of particular interest in studies of patients with CAD due to their numerous properties in relation to the cardiovascular system. This has directed our attention to the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients. The presented study enrolled 167 Caucasian patients (133 male; 34 female) with CAD. Anthropometric, echocardiographic and basic biochemical measurements, together with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin assays, were performed in each patient. Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), and positively associated with mitral valve E/A ratio (E/A), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter LVESD, and left atrium diameter (LAD). Resistin concentrations were negatively associated with E/A. Leptin concentrations, although correlated with HF severity assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, were not independently associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure or function. In conclusion, adiponectin and resistin, but not leptin, are associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. These associations suggest that adiponectin and resistin might be involved in mechanisms of cardiac remodelling or compensative response. We also suggest the possible benefits of adiponectin and resistin level measurements in the monitoring of patients with CAD.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading global problem of public health because it is related to high morbidity and mortality and is a large burden for financial and health systems [1]
Due to the growing need to fully understand the impact of cytokines secreted by adipose tissue on cardiac structure and function, the aim of this study was to analyse the associations between adiponectin, leptin and resistin plasma concentrations, and the parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients
It is worth emphasising that leptin was significantly positively correlated with heart failure (HF) severity, there were no significant associations with echocardiographic parameters in the multivariate model, including independent variables related to metabolic syndrome (T2DM, body mass index (BMI)) and renal function
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading global problem of public health because it is related to high morbidity and mortality and is a large burden for financial and health systems [1]. The mass of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EpAT) is significantly increased Both VAT and EpAT promote a pro-inflammatory secretome profile, which modulates arterial vessel and heart functions. Increased volumes of these adipose tissue depots are associated with CAD development [4,7]. It is believed that circulating adipokines may serve as potential predictive and prognostic markers in patients with CVD [8–15] This has prompted us to take a closer look at the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD
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