Abstract
Oil palm production is gaining importance in Central and South America. However, the main species Elaeis guineensis (Eg) is suffering severely from bud rod disease, restricting the potential cultivation areas. Therefore, breeding companies have started to work with interspecific Elaeis oleifera × Eg (Eo × Eg) hybrids which are tolerant to this disease. We performed association studies between candidate gene (CG) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and six production and 19 oil quality traits in 198 accessions of interspecific oil palm hybrids from five different origins. For this purpose, barcoded amplicons of initially 167 CG were produced from each genotype and sequenced with Ion Torrent. After sequence cleaning 115 SNP remained targeting 62 CG. The influence of the origins on the different traits was analyzed and a genetic diversity study was performed. Two generalized linear models (GLM) with principle component analysis (PCA) or structure (Q) matrixes as covariates and two mixed linear models (MLM) which included in addition a Kinship (K) matrix were applied for association mapping using GAPIT. False discovery rate (FDR) multiple testing corrections were applied in order to avoid Type I errors. However, with FDR adjusted p values no significant associations between SNP and traits were detected. If using unadjusted p values below 0.05, seven of the studied CG showed potential associations with production traits, while 23 CG may influence different quality traits. Under these conditions the current approach and the detected candidate genes could be exploited for selecting genotypes with superior CG alleles in Marker Assisted Selection systems.
Highlights
East-Asian countries address most of the oil palm production
The Coarí × La Mé origin presented on average a higher oil to bunch (OilB) percentage and higher oil percentages in fresh and dry mesocarp (OilfM, oil % in dry mesocarp (OildM))
Peláez et al [5] observed that Coarí palms as well as their hybrids with Elaeis guineensis (Eg) had higher CO2 fixation capacities, which are positively correlated with an increase in oil contents [17]
Summary
East-Asian countries address most of the oil palm production. Two other Latin-American countries can be found among the top 10 palm oil producing countries in. In order to face this situation, seed companies work with interspecific hybrids between Elaeis oleifera and Eg (Eo × Eg) [6]. These hybrids combine desirable characteristics of both species; high oil production inherited from Eg and higher amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, vitamins, sterols, and iodine values, as well as resistance to different diseases descending from Eo [7,8]
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