Abstract
IntroductionDisability follows the rapid rate of population ageing, imposing a huge burden on society. Functional assessment in older people can identify predictors of disability.ObjectiveAnalyze the incidence and the risk factors for disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults over six years.MethodsSix year-follow up study initiated in 2010. The baseline non-probabilistic sample consisted of 180 independent community dwelling individuals aged 60 and over. The procedures comprised an interview with sociodemographic data, questions about falls, urinary incontinence, self-rated health, and assessment of ADL, IADL, mobility, depression, vision, hearing, cognition, nutrition, grip strength and social support. The second research was carried out by telephone and assessed ADL and IADL. Logistic regression models calculated the odds of disability in ADL and IADL according to the age, sex and all other variables.ResultsAt six-year follow-up, 118 participants were still alive (65.6%), 31 died (17%) and other 31 were missed (17%). The incidence of disability to performADL and IADL were 25.4% and 32.3%, respectively. The regression logistic models revealed thaturinary incontinence (OR = 3.2; P = 0.03) and insufficient emotional support (OR = 3.8; P = 0.04) were associated with ADL disability, while visual problems (OR: 2.9; P = 0.03) and insufficient emotional support (OR: 5.6; P = 0.01) were associated with IADL disability.ConclusionThe current study has identified that insufficient emotional support, visual problems and urinary incontinence are associated with disability in older adults. The routine assessment of these problems in the primary care clinics enable the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing or postponing disability. Educating patients and families will also enable better choices to reduce the risk of functional decline.
Highlights
Disability follows the rapid rate of population ageing, imposing a huge burden on society
The procedures comprised an interview with sociodemographic data, questions about falls, urinary incontinence, self-rated health, and assessment of activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), mobility, depression, vision, hearing, cognition, nutrition, grip strength and social support
Logistic regression models calculated the odds of disability in ADL and IADL according to the age, sex and all other variables
Summary
Six year-follow up study initiated in 2010. The second research was carried out by telephone and assessed ADL and IADL. Logistic regression models calculated the odds of disability in ADL and IADL according to the age, sex and all other variables. This is a six-year follow up study. The baseline and follow-up studies are described below. Between June and December 2010 we enrolled 180 elderly men and women in a cross-sectional study aimed at elaborating a functional screening strategy based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment[11]. The research was performed at the primary care unit of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Initiatives aimed at decreasing violence had been impeded by the activities of local drug traffickers[13]
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