Association between the cardiothoracic ratio on chest X-rays and the respiratory function in patients with interstitial lung diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Objective Patients with advanced interstitial lung disease (ILD) struggle to undergo spirometry to evaluate the respiratory function. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest radiography can potentially reflect the lung volume; however, this has not yet been fully established. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the CTR and the respiratory function in patients with interstitial lung diseases. Patients and Methods We reviewed 120 consecutive patients with idiopathic interstitial lung disease who were admitted to our department between April 2018 and March 2023 and who underwent chest radiography, spirometry, and echocardiography. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the CTR. Correlations between the CTR and the respiratory or cardiac function were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results A multiple linear regression analysis showed the percent vital capacity (β = -0.598, p <0.001), age (β = 0.405, p <0.001), and female sex (β = 0.177, p = 0.047) to be independently associated with the CTR, whereas no relationship was observed between the left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass index, and smoking habits. The CTR was significantly negatively correlated with the vital capacity (r = -0.490, p <0.001). Conclusions An increased CTR might reflect a decreased vital capacity, but not a decreased cardiac function, in patients with interstitial lung diseases. Measuring the CTR can thus be beneficial for predicting progression in patients with ILD.