Abstract
Background There is a positive association between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in the general population. However, no studies have evaluated the association between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between serum magnesium and hemoglobin levels in the patient population with PHPT. Methods This retrospective study included 307 hospitalized PHPT patients who were continuously admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from January 2010 to August 2020. Laboratory and demographic data of patients were collected. Hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium <0.75 mmol/L. Patients with a hemoglobin level below 130 g/L in males and below 120 g/L in females were accepted as the anemic group. Results Among the 307 patients with PHPT included in our study, 77 (25.1%) patients (33 (32.4%) males and 44 (21.5%) females) had hypomagnesemia. A total of 138 (45.0%) patients (49 males (48.0%) and 89 females (43.4%)) had anemia. Compared with the nonanemic group, the anemic group had lower average albumin, eGFR, and serum magnesium levels in both males and females. In contrast, average creatinine, PTH, and corrected calcium were significantly higher in the anemic group than in the nonanemic group in both males and females. Lower serum magnesium levels were associated with lower hemoglobin levels independent of serum calcium, albumin, eGFR, and PTH in PHPT patients. Conclusions Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disorder in PHPT patients. Hypomagnesemia is independently associated with lower hemoglobin levels in patients with PHPT.
Highlights
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease characterized by hypercalcemia and high or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1,2,3]
Patients diagnosed with secondary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC), or gastrointestinal bleeding were excluded from the study
Average serum magnesium was significantly lower in the anemic group than in the nonanemic group in both males and females (0.75 ± 0.17 vs. 0.88 ± 0.19 mmol/L, P < 0.05; 0.80 ± 0.19 vs. 0.89 ± 0.16 mmol/L, P < 0.05, respectively)
Summary
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease characterized by hypercalcemia and high or inappropriately normal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [1,2,3]. In PHPT, there is a range of symptoms caused by hypercalcemia that affect the skeletal, renal, and digestive systems [4]. Anemia has been recognized as a possible complication of PHPT [5,6,7]; the exact pathogenesis of anemia is still unknown. E bone and bone marrow, often regarded as separate systems, function as a single unit. Anemia is a common complication of gastrointestinal tract diseases [10]. High PTH levels may play a role in anemia in International Journal of Endocrinology
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