Abstract
BackgroundHypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of death in the world. The association between hepatic enzymes and hypertension has been reported in limited studies and the findings are inconsistent; data from Bangladeshi adults are not available yet. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and evaluate the association of elevated liver enzymes with hypertension in Bangladeshi adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 302 blood samples were collected from adult participants and analyzed the serum concentrations of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and other markers related to hypertension. Hypertension was defined as resting SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. Associations between elevated liver enzymes and hypertension were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe mean concentrations of serum ALT, AST and GGT were significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared to the normotensive group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Overall, 49.2% of subjects in the hypertensive group and 38.1% of individuals in the normotensive group had at least one or more elevated liver enzymes. The prevalence of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT was significantly higher among participants in the hypertensive group compared to the normotensive group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). An increasing trend for elevated liver enzymes was observed with increasing blood pressure. Serum ALT and GGT showed an independent relationship with hypertension.ConclusionsThe prevalence of elevated liver enzymes was higher in hypertensive individuals. Increased serum ALT and GGT activities were positively associated with hypertension in Bangladeshi adults.
Highlights
Hypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of death in the world
The mean concentrations of ALT, AST, GGT were significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared to the normotensive group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively)
The prevalence rate was significantly higher in hypertensive group (ALT 20.6% vs 13.8%, p < 0.01; AST 27.5% vs 17.7%, p < 0.01; GGT 19.6% vs 2.3%, p < 0.001 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 20.6% vs 16.9%, p > 0.05) compared to the normotensive group (Table 2)
Summary
Hypertension is a major contributing factor to cardiovascular disease and is a leading cause of death in the world. The association between hepatic enzymes and hypertension has been reported in limited studies and the findings are inconsistent; data from Bangladeshi adults are not available yet. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and evaluate the association of elevated liver enzymes with hypertension in Bangladeshi adults. Hypertension is a major contributing factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and one of the leading causes of death in the world [1, 2]. Hypertension and its complications are responsible for a significant portion of the death of the Bangladeshi population and a burden for the national economy. Diagnosis and management of increased blood pressure before hypertension development may be Rahman et al BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2020) 20:128 cost-benefit in terms of reducing premature morbidity and mortality in general people [9]
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