Abstract
Previous studies have found that serum lipid levels independently associate with mental health problems in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between serum lipid levels and positive aspects of mental health such as resilience and self-esteem, which develop in adolescence. The aim of this study is to examine the association between serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem in Japanese adolescents. Data were pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, a school-based, cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 1,056, aged 13–14 years). Resilience of the child was assessed by caregivers, and self-esteem was self-identified via questionnaires. Serum lipid levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] were assessed in school health checkup, in addition to height and weight measurements. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the association between standardized serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem. LDL showed inverse association with resilience [β = −1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.39 to −0.14] after adjusting for child’s BMI, month of birth, sex, absence of parent, household income, caregiver’s mental health, and lifestyle (e.g., habits of eating, physical activity, and sleep). We also found an inverse association of total cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol with self-esteem (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.18; β = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.83 to −0.01, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not associated with resilience and self-esteem. Among Japanese adolescent, total and LDL cholesterol may be biomarkers of resilience and self-esteem.
Highlights
Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are a common and major public health issue in adolescents (Werner-Seidler et al, 2017)
A total of 20% of participants did not live with their mother or/and father, 15% of the mothers were less than 40 years old, 10% of the fathers were less than 40 years old, 20% of the mothers were out of the normal BMI range, 1% of the mothers had the history of diabetes, 2% of mothers had history of cardiovascular disease, 3% of fathers had the history of diabetes, 3% of fathers had the history of cardiovascular disease, 35% of participants reported psychological distress, and 10% had low household income (
We found an inverse association of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol with selfesteem
Summary
Mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are a common and major public health issue in adolescents (Werner-Seidler et al, 2017). According to a large longitudinal study conducted in 11 counties in western North Carolina, United States, it was estimated that the overall prevalence of depression was 2.8% for children under 13 years old and 5.6% for young people 13–18 years of age (Costello et al, 2003). Depression and anxiety appear by the age of 18 years in Cholesterol and Mental Health up to 20% of young people in the United States (Lewinsohn et al, 1998; de Girolamo et al, 2012). It is important to prevent mental health problems in adolescence
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