Association between Productivity, Fatty Acid Profiles, Oil Bodies’ Ultrastructure and Molecular Markers in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars

Mohamed Abbas,Hend Wahba,Hattem El-Shabrawi,Mohamed Hamza,Mohamed Shahba

doi:10.3390/agronomy10091401

Abstract

The commercial Nigerian peanut cultivars Ex-Dakar, Samnut-22 and Samnut-26, the Egyptian cultivar Ismailia-1 and the American cultivar NC-7 were genetically differentiated and the cultivars’ effects on growth and yield components, total lipid contents, including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and oil body size and number were investigated. Experiments were carried out at Cairo University Research Station, Giza, Egypt, during the summer seasons of 2016 and 2017. All cultivars had high contents of total unsaturated fatty acids and low contents of saturated fatty acids. Variations among tested cultivars in oil body size and number were documented and cultivars were ranked based on their oil bodies’ size as Ismailia-1 > Samnut-26 > NC-7 > Ex-Dakar ≥ Samnut-22. Oil body size and number were inversely related. This variation can be explained by the different amounts of acidic amino acids and the protein structure on the surface of the oil bodies of these cultivars. The distributions of protein bodies and oil bodies seemed to be negatively correlated. Cultivar effect was significant, and variation was found in seed production and quality in addition to the size and number of oil bodies, oil productivity, and oil quality among cultivars. Seasonal effects were not evident due to the stability of the climatic conditions during the two seasons of the study.

Highlights

Peanuts are widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world
Peanut seeds can be eaten as snacks due to their many health benefits including a reduction in cardiovascular disease [1], colon, prostate, and breast cancer [2], osteoporosis [3] and diabetes [4]
They are a dietary source of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin E, riboflavin, thiamine and potash

Summary

Introduction

Peanuts are widely cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They are used in the form of seeds for human consumption and the haulm is used as fodder in the form of straw and hay for cattle. Peanut seeds can be eaten as snacks due to their many health benefits including a reduction in cardiovascular disease [1], colon, prostate, and breast cancer [2], osteoporosis [3] and diabetes [4]. They are a dietary source of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus, vitamin E, riboflavin, thiamine and potash. Genetic variation and relationships among genotypes or populations can be assessed using molecular markers. The efficiency of a marker technique in discriminating genotypes depends largely upon the polymorphisms detected among them. Cultivar differentiations have been documented in rice [7], broccoli and cauliflower [8], lettuce [9], banana [10], wheat [11], alfalfa [12] and tomato [13]

Objectives

Methods

Results