Abstract
Pesticide drift was reported in many international studies, but rarely studied in Taiwan. We conducted a study in a rural region of Taiwan to examine the associations between pesticides in house dust and nearby agricultural areas using geographic information system (GIS). A questionnaire regarding home characteristics and pesticide use, and indoor and outdoor dust samples were collected from 47 rural homes. Dust samples were analyzed for six pesticides, and agricultural land data for GIS analysis were retrieved from a national website. All but prallethrin were frequently detected from indoor dust samples (>50%), and the maximum concentrations were all below 1000 ng/g. Detection frequencies and concentrations of pesticides in outdoor dust samples were even lower than that in indoor dust samples. Only “work involving pesticides” in the questionnaire was significantly associated with four pesticides in house dust (p < 0.05). Carbofuran and tetramethrin in house dust were significantly correlated with rice cultivation area at certain buffer distances (ρ > 0.33, p < 0.05), and chlorpyrifos was found to be associated with abandoned cultivation area, suggesting the occurrence of pesticide drift. Despite the low levels of pesticides in house dust, residents in the rural region should be cautious of pesticide drift from nearby active or abandoned farmlands.
Highlights
House dust as an exposure source of chemical contaminants has been gaining attention over the years [1]
We found strong and significant correlation coefficients for several pesticides’ indoor-outdoor pairs, which were in support of the proposed drift pathway (Table 4)
Carbofuran and tetramethrin in indoor or outdoor dust were significantly correlated with the geographic information system (GIS)-determined percentages of rice cultivation area, suggesting that pesticide drift from rice farmlands in the proximity could have occurred in the countryside of Hualien
Summary
House dust as an exposure source of chemical contaminants has been gaining attention over the years [1]. Many pesticide-related studies have been conducted to assess pesticide residue in house dust, and most of them have further indicated the correlation between the pesticide concentrations found in indoor dust and agricultural areas in the proximity [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. A field study conducted in California, USA, indicated that low-income children were “potentially exposed to a mixture of pesticides as a result of poorer housing quality,” which included contamination from agricultural use of pesticides in the proximity [4]. Did not indicate any relation between indoor and outdoor pesticide concentrations, likely due to different sources and/or environmental fates [3]
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