Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) are two major air pollutants with toxic effects on the cardiovascular system. Hypertension, as a chronic noncommunicable cardiovascular disease, is also a risk factor for several diseases. We applied generalized linear models with a quasi-Poisson link to assess the effect of air pollution exposure on the number of daily admissions for patients with hypertension. In addition, we established a two-pollutant model to evaluate PM2.5 and PM10 hazard effect stability by adjusting the other gaseous pollutants. Results showed that during the study period, 24 h mean concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 at 38.17 and 59.84 μg/m3, respectively, and a total of 2,611 hypertension hospital admissions were recorded. Air pollution concentrations significantly affected the number of hospitalizations for hypertension approximately 2 months after exposure. For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 in single-pollutant models, the number of hospitalizations for hypertension increased by 7.92% (95% CI: 5.48% to 10.42%) and 4.46% (95% CI: 2.86% to 5.65%), respectively, at the lag day with the strongest effect. NO2, O3, CO, and SO2 had different significant effects on the number of hospitalizations over the same time period, and PM2.5 and PM10 still showed robust significant effects after adjustment of gas pollutants through a two-pollutant model. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of ambient particulate matter.
Highlights
Environmental pollution is a leading cause of premature death and disability in the world at present
Another study found that the effects of atmospheric PM10 on the years of life lost of the three diseases were statistically significant on the different lag days in Tianjin, and the maximum effect of PM10 appeared in Lag01. e effects from the largest to the lowest were 2.86 person-years for cardiovascular system diseases, 1.59 person-years for ischemic heart diseases, and 1.07 person-years for cerebrovascular diseases [5]
+ factor DO Wt + intercpt, where logE (Yt) stands for the expected number of hypertension hospital admissions on day t; Zt indicates the concentrations of pollutants (SO2, PM10, PM2.5, NO2, carbon monoxide (CO), and O3); β stands for the coefficient for Zt; ns( ) represents a smoother based on adjusted smoothing splines, which capture the nonlinear relationships of the covariates of time trend, temperature, and humidity with daily hospitalization; and df represents the degree of freedom
Summary
Environmental pollution is a leading cause of premature death and disability in the world at present. Air pollution has become an environmental risk factor that greatly affects health, leading to a large economic burden of diseases to society [1]. 7.8 million cardiovascular and respiratory disease hospital admissions were attributed to short-term exposure to all air pollutants. A study about the association between ambient fine particulate pollution and hospital admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease suggests that in China, short-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with increased hospital admissions for all major cardiovascular diseases except for hemorrhagic stroke, even for exposure levels not exceeding the current regulatory limits [4]. A metaanalysis of epidemiological investigates the associations of short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with hypertension. We used the generalized additive model of Poisson regression to analyze the relationship between the time series of air pollution concentration changes in the Ganzhou central area and the number of hypertensive inpatients to explore the risk of exposure to major air pollutants on hypertension
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