Abstract
New urbanization (NU) and sustainable transportation (ST) are two important issues in urbanization, and their symmetrical coupling is an important factor for measuring the development of the urbanization process. To comprehensively explore the symmetrical coupling level of NU and ST in the urbanization process, this study proposed a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and calculated the CCD values of China’s nine metropolises using panel data from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that: (1) From the perspective of each city’s development, the CCD values for Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing showed a downward trend, and those for Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan exhibited a rising trend, while the CCD values for Zhengzhou and Xi’an fell initially and then rose gradually; (2) Based on the regions of the nine cities, the CCD values of the eastern cities and the central cities all demonstrated a growth trend, while those of the western cities were consistently lower than the central and eastern cities; however, the western cities experienced the highest growth rate. (3) Predictive results showed that the CCD levels of new urbanization and sustainable transportation in the eastern, central and western cities are projected to remain unchanged. Finally, it is expected that regionally balanced development will be realized in 2025. From the symmetrical coupling perspective, this study measured and predicted the coupling coordination level of NU and ST of nine metropolises undergoing the urbanization process, which provides a theoretical basis for effective decision-making for comprehensive and sustainable development of China’s urbanization.
Highlights
New urbanization (NU) and sustainable transportation (ST) are two important issues in the urbanization process, and the symmetrical coupling level between them is an important indicator of urbanization development [1]
NU differs from traditional urbanization in its emphasis on the intensity of the urbanization process, with wider meanings associated with urban–rural integration and sustainability [2]
The consistently higher coupling coordination degree (CCD) values of the eastern cities highlight the significant differences in new urbanization and sustainable transportation development between the eastern, western, and central cities
Summary
New urbanization (NU) and sustainable transportation (ST) are two important issues in the urbanization process, and the symmetrical coupling level between them is an important indicator of urbanization development [1]. Many scholars have studied the relationship between urbanization and transport infrastructure, land use and transport behavior, but few have researched the coordinated development of NU and ST. Their study highlighted that the quality of traffic infrastructure and the most effective means of transportation used by each particular city type may make urban development more sustainable [16]. Many scholars have applied symmetric coupling in related research, including the symmetrical coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological environment [23,24,25], as well as the interaction between economy, society and tourism [26,27,28] Such studies provide a scientific reference for the study reported in this paper.
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