Abstract
The present study aimed to determine thiamine intake levels and the association between thiamine intake, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and mental health. Participants were interviewed to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, current medications, medical and family history. The daily intake of thiamine was assessed by a 24-h recall. The mean age of the 34 700 study subjects was 42⋅9 years (sd 22⋅8, min-max: 1-80) and 19 342 (55⋅7 %) were women. The levels of thiamine intake were 1⋅126 mg (2016), 1⋅115 mg (2017) and 1⋅087 mg (2018) for women, which were equal to or only slightly above the recommended intake of 1⋅10 mg/d for women. The levels of thiamine intake from 2014-15 and 2016-18 significantly decreased. The estimated percentage of insufficient thiamine intake was 37⋅8 % (95 % CI 37⋅3, 38⋅4). Multivariable regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that thiamine intake was critically associated with lower risks of hypertension, MI or angina, type 2 diabetes, depression and dyslipidemia. The daily thiamine intake from food can reversal the risks of hypertension (OR 0⋅95; 95 % CI 0⋅90, 0⋅99), MI or angina (OR 0⋅84; 95 % CI 0⋅74, 0⋅95), type 2 diabetes (OR 0⋅86; 95 % CI 0⋅81, 0⋅93), depression (OR 0⋅90; 95 % CI 0⋅83, 0⋅97) and dyslipidemia (OR 0⋅90; 95 % CI 0⋅86, 0⋅95), respectively. Further works are needed to identify the effects of thiamine and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health. A preventive thiamine supplementation strategy should be adopted to target NCDs and mental health and risk factors associated with thiamine deficiency. The optimisation of NCD control and mental health protection is also a vital integral part of Korea's public health system.
Highlights
Over the last decade, rapid changes in diets and lifestyles that have taken place due to urbanisation, industrialisation, economic development and globalisation, and these have changed dietary patterns towards high-fat, high-saturated and low-energy-dense diet[1,2]
The insufficient and sufficient thiamine intake groups were significantly different in terms of sex, age, married status, occupation, education level, monthly household income, Body mass index (BMI) level, waist circumference, elevated cholesterol, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated HbA1c, elevated glucose, energy intake, haemoglobin, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure
The probabilities of stroke and diabetes decreased rapidly among older participants as thiamine intake levels increased by 1 mg. This large-scale study is the first to report the association between dietary thiamine intake and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes and mental health issues at the national level in Korea
Summary
Rapid changes in diets and lifestyles that have taken place due to urbanisation, industrialisation, economic development and globalisation, and these have changed dietary patterns towards high-fat, high-saturated and low-energy-dense diet[1,2]. Inappropriate dietary patterns, reduced physical activities, increased tobacco use and the resulting increase of diet-related chronic diseases have increased in concert with living standards and food availability. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), stroke and cancers are increasingly becoming causes of disability and premature death, which has placed extra pressure on the national health budget. Recent studies have expanded to understanding of the effects of diet on morbidity and premature deaths due to NCDs[4]. Thiamine is a crucial micronutrient and can be obtained from different food sources, but its serum levels can be affected by many factors, such as high temperatures and pH, diuretics, high-calorie diet containing simple journals.cambridge.org/jns
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