Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the most frequent causes of mortality, is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery, leading to blockage of blood flow to the heart. The main symptom of CAD is chest pain caused by blockage of the coronary artery and shortness of breath. HOX transcript antisense RNA gene (HOTAIR) is a long non-coding RNA which is well-known as an oncogene involved in various cancers, such as lung, breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs4759314 A>G, rs1899663 G>T, rs920778 T>C, rs7958904 G>C, rs12826786 C>T, and rs874945 C>T, for genotype frequency analysis and assessed the frequency of HOTAIR gene polymorphisms in 442 CAD patients and 418 randomly selected control subjects. To analyze the differences between these two populations, we performed a Student’s t-test, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and ANOVA analysis. According to our baseline characteristic analysis, control subjects and CAD patients were significantly different in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We also found that the rs4759314 A>G, rs1899663 G>T, and rs12826786 C>T genotypes were strongly associated with CAD susceptibility (AA vs. AG+GG: AOR = 0.608, 95% CI = 0.393−0.940, p = 0.025; GG vs. TT: AOR = 2.276, 95% CI = 1.125−4.607, p = 0.022; CC vs. CT+TT: AOR = 1.366, 95% CI = 1.027−1.818, p = 0.032, respectively). Our data also demonstrated that the genotype of HOTAIR polymorphisms, genotype combination, and haplotype analysis affect disease occurrence. Moreover, these polymorphisms are linked to clinical factors that contribute to disease susceptibility. In conclusion, results from our study suggest that HOTAIR polymorphisms may be useful novel biomarkers for diagnosing CAD.
Highlights
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), in which a plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, leading to a complete blockage of blood flow to the heart that can result in a heart attack and chest pain
114 (26.1%) patients had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), which was significantly higher compared with controls (p < 0.0001)
COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 95% confidence interval; HWE = Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Summary
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), in which a plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries, leading to a complete blockage of blood flow to the heart that can result in a heart attack and chest pain (angina). CAD is characterized by atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are known as a non-transcript RNA and characterized by a length greater than 200 nucleotides. LncRNA has been shown to play a role in various diseases, especially cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation, and CAD [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
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